Water Solutions
“Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state (water vapor or steam). Water also exists in a liquid crystal state near hydrophilic surfaces.” (Wikipedia, Water, 8/5/2011)
Recent Journal Articles
Super Molecular-polarization Phenomenon of Poly (ethylene glycol) in Deionized Water
(688-691) Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A - Pure and Applied Chemistry 48 #9 (2011)
Abstract
Duan et al showed a remarkable increase in the electrical conductivity of deionized water during the addition of the nonionic surfactant poly(ethylene glycol). The mechanism study indicated that this increase was due to super-polarization of a PEG molecule on the water molecule. A PEG molecule can form a super polarization body in the water, which will generate a strong polarization effect on the water molecule, thereby increasing water ionization degree and makes the electrical conductivity of water greater. (RDC 8/2/2011)