SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
A UNIFIED MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF IONOMERS
Brian P. Grady, May 2010
A comprehensive description will be provided for ionic aggregates in ionomers for those cations that are strongly segregated (e.g. ionomers neutralized with transition metals). The fundamental structure of aggregates is planar, and the various morphologies that have been seen in TEM and suggested from SAXS data are due to rolling of the planes (e.g. similar to nanotubes) to reduce the number of edge atoms.
THE EFFECTS OF MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE ON THE HIGH FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING THERMOPLASTICS
Lecon Woo, William Anderson, May 2010
The Effects of Moisture and Temperature on the High Frequency Dielectric Properties of Engineering Thermoplastics
RESEARCHES ON MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE/POLYAMIDE-6/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
Hai-bin Zhao, Xiang-fang Peng, May 2010
The mechanical properties and morphology of polypropylene/ polyamide-6/organoclay nanocomposites were studied. It was shown that the addition of clay improved impact strength and flexural strength but made little effort on tensile strength. Organoclay had influence on crystalline property of PP and PA6 and improved the compatibility of PP/PA6 blends.
BENCHMARKING FRACTOGRAPHIC FEATURES USING HOUSEHOLD PRODUCT FAILURES
Niles G. Stenmark, May 2010
Several failures that occurred to plastic products used at the home of the author were selected for study of their fracture surfaces. The failed parts included a bicycle fender a rack for drying sweaters and a magnetic refrigerator clip. All of the failed parts were fabricated from styrenic-based polymers. This paper will focus on connecting the known service conditions of the failed parts to the unique patterns observed on the fracture surfaces.
ULTRASOUND ASSISTED MELT PROCESSING OF LCP/CNF NANOCOMPOSITES
Rishi Kumar , Avraam I. Isayev, May 2010
Ultrasound assisted twin screw extrusion process was developed to disperse carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in a polymer matrix. CNFs were separately added into the melt stage to reduce the breakage of CNFs and to avoid intense stresses in the feed zone. The effect of ultrasound and CNFs loading on die pressure, rheological, mechanical, electrical and morphological properties of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) filled with 2-20 wt% CNFs was studied.Ultrasonic treatment caused a reduction in die pressure with decrease in electrical percolation threshold value of treated samples.
METALLIZER CONDITIONS IMPACT ON LAMINATION BOND STRENGTH OF METALLIZED OPP
Eldridge M. Mount III, May 2010
Metallized films are used extensively in flexible packaging to supply light moisture and oxygen barrier. Generally the film is laminated to a printed web to protect the metal and to add functionality and product identification information. It is desired that the lamination bond strength be high and uniform. This study shows that metallization conditions have an impact on extrusion lamination bond strengths and highlights the impact of lamination conditions on metal crazing.
METALLIZER CONDITIONS IMPACT ON LAMINATION BOND STRENGTH OF METALLIZED OPP
Eldridge M. Mount III, May 2010
Metallized films are used extensively in flexible packaging to supply light, moisture and oxygen barrier. Generally the film is laminated to a printed web to protect the metal and to add functionality and product identification information. It is desired that the lamination bond strength be high and uniform. This study shows that metallization conditions have an impact on extrusion lamination bond strengths and highlights the impact of lamination conditions on metal crazing.
ANALYZING EXTRUDER ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Kirk M. Cantor, May 2010
An experiment was conducted to measure the energy consumed during extruder runs with two different polymers (one crystalline and one amorphous), each utilizing three different screw designs. Energy contributions from the individual heating zones on the extruder were measured and analyzed. Also, the energy consumed by the motor was measured to provide comparison of the contributions from the heaters and the motor. Results show value both in analyzing material behavior and in evaluating screw performance from an economic and a productivity standpoint.
APPLICATIONS OF PHOTO DSC AND UV-DMA TO OPTICALLY CURED MATERIALS.
Kevin Menard , Andrew Salamon , Witold Brostow , Noah Menard , W. Chonkaew , Carmem Pffiefer , Sherman Newman, May 2010
The application of DSC and DMA to photo-initiated reactions specifically curing and degradations are discussed. The influence of the light source its duration and intensity are investigated in regards to the final properties of the material. The use of Hyper DSC techniques as well as simultaneous DMA-NIR in the study of optically cured materials is discussed.
APPLICATIONS OF PHOTO DSC AND UV-DMA TO OPTICALLY CURED MATERIALS.
Kevin Menard , Andrew Salamon , Witold Brostow , Noah Menard , W. Chonkaew , Carmem Pffiefer , Sherman Newman, May 2010
The application of DSC and DMA to photo-initiated reactions, specifically curing and degradations, are discussed. The influence of the light source, its duration and intensity are investigated in regards to the final properties of the material. The use of Hyper DSC techniques as well as simultaneous DMA-NIR in the study of optically cured materials is discussed.
A STUDY OF ELECTROSPUN POLYCAPROLACTONE (PCL) FIBERS FOR POSSIBLE BIO-ABSORBABLE MESH REPLACEMENT IN VAGINAL SURGERY
Sandeep Manandhar , Nandika D’Souza , Philippe Zimmern, May 2010
The importance of electrospun fibers as tissue scaffolds has been an area of significant growth. In this work, we will utilize electrospinning in conjunction with a biodegradable polymer, Polycaprolactone (PCL) to make thin fibers. These PCL fibers can be made into a mesh for tissue scaffolds. Electrospinning utilizes electrostatic force to draw fibers from solution.
CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIATION CROSSLINKED POLYETHYLENES
Ken Miyata, Yuuki Ichikawa, Keiji Katsuno, Akihiro Nishioka, Tomonori Koda, Go Murasawa, May 2010
Tyco Electronics has over fifty years of experience in the field of radiation crosslinked polymers. We have incorporated the use of rheological and solvent swelling techniques to characterize crosslinked networks. Insufficient beam dose or processing errors can result in materials that appear crosslinked upon initial testing, but are not fully crosslinked. We evaluated various characterization methods on three different morphologies of polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE and VLDPE). Each method had its own strengths and limitations.
PROPERTIES OF MELT STRENGTH ON BLENDS OF POLYPROPYLENE /POLYAMIDE-6/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
Huang Guo-wang , Peng Xiang-fang , Xia Hua-Xin , Xie Xiao-li, May 2010
The present study was devoted to the effect of nanoparticle on melt strength of blends. And the reinforcing mechanism of PP/PA6/organoclay nanocomposites had been investigated by DSC and SEM analysis. The results showed that the maximal melt strength existed and appeared as the weight ratio of organoclay was 2 wt%. In addition blends presented the best integrated properties at this ratio.
PROPERTIES OF MELT STRENGTH ON BLENDS OF POLYPROPYLENE/POLYAMIDE-6/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
Huang Guo-wang , Peng Xiang-fang , Xia Hua-Xin , Xie Xiao-li, May 2010
The present study was devoted to the effect of nanoparticle on melt strength of blends. And the reinforcing mechanism of PP/PA6/organoclay nanocomposites had been investigated by DSC and SEM analysis. The results showed that the maximal melt strength existed and appeared as the weight ratio of organoclay was 2 wt%. In addition, blends presented the best integrated properties at this ratio.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE UNDERWATER PELLETIZING SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING PELLETS
Kun Chang Lin , Chia-Hsun Chen , Chen-Feng Kuan , Hsu-Chiang Kuan , Sin-Jhih Peng, May 2010
Underwater pelletizing currently is the most promising, most innovative and, concerning the range of plastics materials to be processed, the most flexible technique for the production of high-quality plastics pellets.In this work, we established the experimental analysis of the underwater pelletizing system for producing pellets. The key process conditions for producing small pellets (<1.5mm) are low extrusion throughput, high cutter rotating speed, and low possibility of die freeze-off.
ULTRASONIC EXTRUSION AND FILM BLOWING OF PA6/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
Nan Chen, Mohammad Monirul Hasan, Takashi Kuboki, Chul B. Park, May 2010
Polyamide 6 (PA6)/Clay 30B nanocomposites of various concentrations were prepared at different amplitudes using an ultrasonic extruder. The die pressure and ultrasonic power consumption were measured. X-ray patterns, thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of extruded nanocomposites were obtained. Films were manufactured from prepared nanocomposites by film blowing process and their structural and mechanical properties in the machine and transverse directions were studied.
THE MECHANISMS OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE OXIDATION ON PLASTIC PIPING SYSTEMS
Sarah Chung , Tieqi Li , Ken Oliphant , Patrick Vibien, May 2010
There have been several studies on the impact of chlorine on plastic piping systems in potable water applications and methodologies of ensuring performance have been successfully developed. The impact of chlorine dioxide is less well known. In this paper laboratory exposed plastic pipe samples are examined to study the impact of chlorine dioxide on oxidative degradation in potable water applications. The mechanisms of oxidation are characterized and recommendations for long-term performance validation are presented.
ULTRASONIC EXTRUSION AND FILM BLOWING OF LLDPE/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
H. C. Chen, S. C. Chen, P.M. Hsu, H. S. Peng, Y. C. Wang, May 2010
LLDPE/Clay 20A nanocomposites of various concentrations were prepared at different amplitudes using an ultrasonic extruder. The die pressure and ultrasonic power consumption were measured. X-ray patterns, thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of extruded nanocomposites were measured. Films were manufactured from prepared nanocomposites by film blowing process and their structural and mechanical properties in the machine and transverse directions were studied.
MICROPATTERNING PROTEINS ON PLA FILMS USING PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
Rahul M. Rasal , Douglas E. Hirt, May 2010
In this research proteins were micropatterned on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) films. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was micropatterned using photolithograph. These micropatterns were characterized using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and toluidine blue dye staining. Acid groups were subsequently conjugated with amine terminated biotin using carbodiimide chemistry. Biotin micropatterned PLA films were then immersed in a solution of fluorescenceconjugated streptavidin. The streptavidin adsorption behavior was examined by fluorescence microscopy.
MODELING THREE DIMENSIONAL SECONDARY FLOWS IN NON-CIRCULAR DUCTS
H. Inoya, Y. W. Leong, S. Thumsorn, S. Thitithanasarn, H. Hamada, May 2010
Viscoelastic secondary flows occurring in square ducts are simulated using the open source finite volume-based software, OpenFOAM. To validate a viscoelastic solver, experimental observations by other researchers were successfully reproduced, as well as compared to finite element results and recent results of a meshless technique known as the Radial Function Method (RFM). A single mode Giesekus and a multi-mode Phan-Thien Tanner (PTT) model are implemented to reproduce full three-dimensional (3D) flow through a square duct.
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