The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Matheus A. Dam | Gert-Jan M. Gruter |, Laszlo Sipos | Ed de Jong | Dirk Den Ouden, November 2011
Avantium is
developing a next generation bioplastics based on
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), called “YXY
building blocks”, which can be produced on the basis
of sugars and other, non-food, carbohydrates.
Avantium aims to replace oil-based polyesters (such
as PET) with Furanics polyesters (such as PEF) in a
wide range of applications, including bottles and
carpets.
Shilpa Manjure | Guoren Cheng | Dan Graiver | Ramani Narayan, November 2011
The silylation chemistry of biobased vegetable oils using alkoxy silanes has been studied and patented [1]. The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of the newly developed silylated soyabean oil formulation as a water-proof coating on paper. Paper coated with the silylated oil was tested for water resistance by measuring Cobb test. Results showed upto 95% improvement in water-proofing compared to an uncoated, unmodified paper.
Johannes Wortberg | Felix A. Heinzler, November 2011
The plasticizing process is one of the most energy
intensive parts in polymer processing. Reducing energy
cost is only possible by changing the principle of
plasticizing. Therefore a new plasticizing system is
developed, based on the primary energy carrier natural gas
as main energy source. Natural gas based heaters and a
special designed heat exchanger are the key technologies
for this project. In addition to the concept, the layout of a
demonstrator is described.
Polyethylene and Polypropylene are the two most used plastics in the world. Continued development in the industry has resulted in this leading position.
Due to this progress, plastics are entering more and more applications where standard materials like wood or metal are traditionally used. However polyolefins are known for having undesirable odors and emissions. To combat this, a new BYK additive concept which allows plastics processors to reduce undesirable VOC and odor in their compounding process has been developed.
Yatish Vasudeo | K.D. Patel | D.P. Sule, November 2011
Automobile industry is introducing many variants for their customers. This puts lot of pressure to plastic molders due to JIT concept. Attempts need to be made to commonize the materials to shorten the delivery time to accommodate JIT concept. These paper attempts to demonstrate speedy deliveries with lower cost of production.
Anthony Walder | Donald Meltzer | Daphne Robinson, November 2011
Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are a class of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) that are used in a variety of medical applications (1). TPUs exhibit low temperature flexibility, excellent abrasion resistance, high tensile strength and good processing characteristics. The softest TPUs historically used in medical applications exhibit a Shore Durometer above 70A. A medical grade TPU with a Shore Durometer of 62A will be presented. This softness is achieved without the use of plasticizers as is often the case with many other soft TPEs.
We have developed a unique, highly selective beta
nucleant masterbatch that produces high levels of beta
crystallinity, and high crystallization temperatures (Tc
values). This masterbatch can also be used in
polypropylene that already contains other additives which
nucleate the alpha crystallinity, such as talc filled PP. The
ability to beta nucleate talc filled PP offers the possibility
of using beta nucleation to achieve both high stiffness and
high impact strength in talc reinforced PP.
Georg Schwalme, Martin Bastian, Peter Heidemeyer, SKZ Suddeutsches Kunststoff-Zentrum, Wurzburg, Michael Koch, November 2011
In injection molding, the precise control of the mold temperature distribution is a crucial prerequisite for the quality of the final products. A new approach to achieve an excellent repeat accuracy of the mold temperature is to use infrared images of demolded parts to realize a closed loop control. Without the necessity for changes in the mold the automatic control can help to improve the quality, to keep cycle times short and to avoid scrap.
Thierry Renault | Amit Kulkarni | Kipp Grumm | Prasanna Kondapalli | Scott Schlicker | Jordan Kurikov, November 2011
A car seat backrest was developed by Faurecia and
BASF with a new multi-material technology that combines
the use of metal, injected polyamide and continuous fiber
reinforced thermoplastics. The paper describes the
architecture of the seat, the choice of the materials, and the
numerical and experimental validation of the structure.
Thermal assets are fundamental in the thermoplastics
injection toolings. DMLS (Digital Metal Laser Sintering)
is one option to solve problems of injection molding
thermal assets using an industrial procedure to introduce
conformal cooling in injection tools. Conformal cooling is
a special shaped regulation circuitry ideally installed in the
injection tools.
M. Rabbani | J. AlSadi | G. Rizvi | S. Ahmed | D. Ross, November 2011
The historical production data of SABIC IP, Cobourg, was used to determine effects on colours of compounded plastics, of using extruders of different configurations, incorporating minute variations in pigment compositions and using different grades of resins. The colours had been measured in terms of CIE L*,a*,b* values using a spectrophotometer. The measured L*,a*,b* values were then analyzed and compared to the target values using statistical methods. The differences in the observed trends are discussed.
An overview is given of the various drivers, needs
and trends in the automotive industry and how these are
matched by various new plastic solutions, which in the
end all significantly increase the sustainability of various
car components and of the complete cars in total.
Currently, in the thermoplastic injection industry, there are several processes allowing heat cycling within the mould. Although they have their own characteristics, their purpose is the same. There are many advantages to be taken into consideration whilst injecting hot thermoplastic onto a heated tool, such as: no welding lines, no sink marks, no paint necessary and the possibility to easily inject engineered materials.
Twin screw extruders with large volume and high torque are a widely embraced equipment in the compounding
industry. The paper presents a specific research on the residence time distribution and energy input for these
machines. It shows the result of the machine technology in terms of various processes, such as production of
color masterbatches, technical compounds and filler concentrates. Furthermore, the paper deals with various
questions such as process window, throughput increase and how flexible extrusion lines can be.
Ingrid Cabello | Jesús Rojas | María V. Candal | Magda M. Castillo, November 2011
The h-convergence of finite element method was used to compare simulation results from two software programs (MPI-Moldflow and Moldex3D). The parameters studied were injection (fill) time and pressure, cycle time, part weight, shrinkage, etc. Some differences were found between the two software programs, and with some of the experimental results.
One of the main advantages of polyetherimide (PEI) resin
(Ultem* PEI) is its high thermal stability, making it an
excellent candidate for using internal industrial recycle,
external industrial recycle (sprues, runners, parts) and
post-consumer recycle as raw material streams. A 30%
glass fibre filled grade has been developed using up to
65% of non-virgin material. Mechanical properties were
maintained even at high % usage of recycle.
*(Trademark of Sabic Innovative Plastics IP B.V.)
R. l’Abee | F. Mercx | M. van der Mee | R. Bercx, November 2011
The particle-matrix interface in polymer composites may act as a barrier for heat transport, leading to a particle size and shape-dependent thermal conductivity. In this work, the effect of filler particle size and shape was studied for a model system of poly(butylene terephthalate) and silicon carbide. Within the particle size (0.5-100 μm) and volume (20-50 vol%) ranges studied, no influence on the thermal conductivity was observed. All experimental data could be well described by the Jiajun model.
Anirban Ganguly | Reema Sinha | Anton Kumanan | Susanta Mitra | Anne Bolvari | Frans Mercx, November 2011
Novel idea of using hyperbranched polymers - dendritic aliphatic polyesters (DAP) as flow promoters in highly glass fiber reinforced aromatic polyamides (GF-PA) system is depicted in this paper. Different concentrations and types of DAPs are employed and these are found to be effective in modifying flow from 10% to 160% with as low as 0.5 to 3 weight % concentration for GF-PA without affecting the enabling mechanical and thermal properties.
High quality, coupled with high efficiency of the
process are two of the most important requirements
for goods intended for automotive market. The case
study here presented demonstrates how to satisfy
quality requirements and increase production
efficiency, while reducing production waste. An
injection molding process with metal insert has
been analyzed. New shape for mold feeding system
has been obtained using Hagen-Poiseuille law as
guideline and FE model to verify performance of
proposed solutions.
Rigid PEI foam is based on amorphous
thermoplastic PEI, with high thermal resistance,
good FST performance and broad chemical
resistance. Among the application benefits of PEI
foam ‘machinability, good bonding to composite
skin materials, low moisture uptake’,
thermoformability is a unique characteristic.
A specific technique has been developed to
enable thermoforming of complex 3D-geometries.
With the addition of an overmolded decorative
layer, finished parts can be created with significantly
reduced cycle time versus existing techniques.
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Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
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