The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Liu Bin, Liu Qinghui, Feng Yanhong, Qu Jinping, May 2010
New non-fluoro process aid additives
performance to improve flow properties of
polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP) are
discussed. The new formulations provide
increased output and reduce torque during
processing of the polymers by improving the
flow properties while maintaining stability as
indicated by measurement of melt flow index. It
was found that in the case of their use in PC, the
effect is achieved without causing hydrolysis of
the polymer. The new additives are effective at
very low addition levels (0.05%) and one of the
formulations can be used for clear PC or FDA
applications.
Liu Bin , Liu Qinghui , Feng Yanhong , Qu Jinping, May 2010
A new injection molding for metal powder green part was put forward in detail in this paper. Vibration force field generated by electromagnetic field in the whole process of plasticization, injection and packing, implementing dynamical plasticization metering, injection and packing was introduced. An in-depth experiment study on the effect of vibration force field on metal powder 316L/binder under steady and dynamic injection conditions was carried out with an experiment equipment and dynamic injection machine. Experimental results show that the filling pressure will be reduced when the vibration is introduced, the flow of melts becomes more uniform and the distribution of different components is also more uniform in the green parts during the dynamic injection molding. The mixing dispersion and distribution effect are better and the density is also larger than the green part's with traditional injection molding. The existing of vibration can effectively promote not only the microcosmic structure and also quality of metal powder green part.
Yasuo Kurosaki, Kimitoshi Satoh, Hiroshi Koyanagi, Hiroshi Miyahara, May 2010
In an ongoing search for ways to design
lower cost, lighter weight, more durable products,
appliance and subcomponent manufacturers are
increasingly substituting plastic components for
parts once made of metal or glass. By nature,
plastics are highly corrosion resistant and require
no surface treatment to withstand exposure to
corrosive materials. Plastics can be easily formed
into complex shapes, allowing designers to reduce
the number of parts in an assembly; however,
many times these components need to be
connected in the final assembly. Whether
bonding plastic to plastic or plastic to another
material, adhesives offer several major benefits.
Whereas mechanical fastening methods
concentrate the stress in one spot, with adhesives,
the load is spread over a wide area, reducing the
amount of concentrated stress on the joint.
Mechanical fasteners such as rivets, nuts, and
bolts require holes to be drilled into the assembly,
and frequently interfere with the aesthetic styling
of the product. Neither ultrasonic nor solvent
welding can bond plastic to metals or glass ƒ??
only adhesives can provide such a bond. In many
cases, adhesives are the low cost fastening method
compared to mechanical fasteners, which must be
inventoried, require pre-assembly preparation, and
are labor intensive. Adhesives are one-size-fitsall,
and can be easily automated in a production
environment.
The newest and fastest growing adhesive
technology for instant plastic bonding applications
are enhanced Cyanoacrylates (CAs) (Instant
adhesives, often referred to as super glues) and
ultraviolet (UV) and visible light curing
adhesives, CAs and Light curing adhesives are
ideally suited for in-line, automated dispensing
and curing. These adhesives can cure rapidly,
while providing long open time.
There has been no adequate laser welding method for
fluorocarbon polymer such as PFA and PTFE. An
innovative CO2 laser welding method [1] is applied for
overlapped PFA polymer film sheet. The features of the
welding procedure are: to use a solid heat sink transparent
to CO2 laser beam to use no pigmentation or dye for
radiation absorption enhancement and to sustain thermal
damage on the surface. The feasibility of the procedure
was confirmed to be usable for joining of thinner PFA
film sheet than 0.3 mm. The laser welding machine in a
production line was manufactured to weld the top of the
circular tube of variable area flow-meters with film disk.
There has been no adequate laser welding method for fluorocarbon polymer such as PFA and PTFE. An innovative CO2 laser welding method is applied for overlapped PFA polymer film sheet. The features of the welding procedure are: to use a solid heat sink transparent to CO2 laser beam, to use no pigmentation or dye for radiation absorption enhancement, and to sustain thermal damage on the surface. The feasibility of the procedure was confirmed to be usable for joining of thinner PFA film sheet than 0.3 mm. The laser welding machine in a production line was manufactured to weld the top of the circular tube of variable area flow-meters with film disk.
Shuzhao Li , Wilailak Chanklin , Miaomiao Xiao , Huining Xiao, May 2010
Hydrophobic-modified cellulose microfibril (CMF) grafted by poly(butyl acrylate) (CMF-g-PBA) was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of butyl acrylate. The CMF-g-PBA obtained was analyzed using FT-IR, TG, contact angle and SEM. The results from FT-IR and SEM indicated that PBA was indeed grafted onto the surface of CMF. TGA measurements further confirmed that the amount of grafted PBA on CMF was approximately 55% (wt). Contact angle measurement demonstrated that the hydrophobicity of CMF was increased substantially after the grafting. The findings imply that the compatibility between CMF-g-PBA and polypropylene (PP) would be improved, thus allowing CMF-g-PBA as an effective reinforcements for biocomposites.
Industrial adhesives are fast becoming pivotal to the assembly of everything from white goods to automobiles. Adhesives perform well on glass, metal, ceramic and most plastic substrates, provide excellent chemical and solvent resistance, act as an electrical insulator, and may be used in high speed production environments. Due to these benefits and their ability to bond dissimilar materials quickly and efficiently adhesives have enabled the cost effective production of many components that would have been impossible using mechanical fastening methods. By choosing the correct adhesive manufacturers can espediate the manufacturing process, lower costs and even improve and enhance reliability and performance. By their very nature adhesives allow goods to be made stronger, faster, and more costeffectively living up to the most basic demands of the marketplace.
In mold decoration (IMD) has attracted attention for
industrial applications in recent years. In this paper, PC
films with thickness of 0.125 mm and 0.175 mm
combined varied ink formulas were be utilized and the
effects of processing conditions on Nylon6
nanocomposites and Nylon6 molding were investigated.
Related processing conditions include melt temperature,
mold temperature, injection speed and packing pressure.
Plastics have become an integral part of everyday life. It would be difficult to identify a manufacturing process which does not use plastics in one form or another. Even products which appear to be composed exclusively of metals are usually coated, sealed, or adhesively joined using polymeric materials which improve the performance, appearance, and longevity of metal products.
Plastics have achieved widespread acceptance due to the virtually limitless combinations of plastic types, fillers, and additives which can be compounded at relatively low costs and processed by a wide verity of methods.
When designing assemblies made from or including plastics, it is often critical to structurally hold assemblies together with a reliable mechanism. Plastics can be reliably fastened to a wide verity of substrates using an engineered adhesive solution.
In mold decoration (IMD) has attracted attention for
industrial applications in recent years. In this paper PC
films with thickness of 0.125 mm and 0.175 mm
combined varied ink formulas were be utilized and the
effects of processing conditions on Nylon6
nanocomposites and Nylon6 molding were investigated.
Related processing conditions include melt temperature
mold temperature injection speed and packing pressure.
It was found that high injection speed would increase
shear stress leading to large printed ink will be washed
out whereas high melt temperature would decrease shear
stress. In addition Nylon6 nanocomposites can reduce
50% washout region than the IMD Nylon6 molding.
In mold decoration (IMD) has attracted attention for industrial applications in recent years. In this paper, PC films with thickness of 0.125 mm and 0.175 mm combined varied ink formulas were be utilized and the effects of processing conditions on Nylon6 nanocomposites and Nylon6 molding were investigated.Related processing conditions include melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed and packing pressure.It was found that high injection speed would increase shear stress leading to large printed ink will be washed out whereas high melt temperature would decrease shear stress. In addition, Nylon6 nanocomposites can reduce 50% washout region than the IMD Nylon6 molding.
North American Coating Laboratories provides
vacuum- and dip-applied thin film coatings to polymer
manufacturers and suppliers across numerous market
segments. These coatings are predominantly deposited on
polycarbonate and acrylic substrates used in a wide variety
of applications. In many cases such vacuum-applied
coatings as broadband anti-reflective treatments and
polysiloxane dip-applied treatments improve the optical
quality of polymers as well as extend the lifecycle of
polymers in the field. This presentation will focus on the
full spectrum of thin-film coatings that are currently being
applied to polymers resins and displays.
North American Coating Laboratories provides vacuum- and dip-applied thin film coatings to polymer manufacturers and suppliers across numerous market segments. These coatings are predominantly deposited on polycarbonate and acrylic substrates used in a wide variety of applications. In many cases, such vacuum-applied coatings as broadband anti-reflective treatments and polysiloxane dip-applied treatments improve the optical quality of polymers as well as extend the lifecycle of polymers in the field. This presentation will focus on the full spectrum of thin-film coatings that are currently being applied to polymers, resins and displays.
Halogenated additives have long been used toenhance the flame-retardant properties of plastics.Recently, after many years of growing concern over theenvironmental and human impact of the disposal ofcertain halogen-containing products and theirincompatibility with recycling operations, leading globalelectronics manufacturers have begun moving to eliminateor sharply reduce the use of certain halogen-containingingredients in their products. DuPont is meeting the needsof these and other environmentally consciousmanufacturers with a growing range of engineeringpolymer grades using non-halogenated flame retardantsystems. This paper shows that they can fulfilldemanding requirements for strength, toughness, hightemperature resistance and processing efficiency.
Miranda Marcus , Paul Golko , Steve Lester , Leo Klinstein, May 2010
Ultrasonic welding is one of the most widely used
processes for bonding polymers valued for its speed
flexibility and low cost. Recently there has been a call for
more controlled and consistent welding processes
especially in the medical field. Dukane has worked to
meet this demand through the development of a new iQ
series Servo-Driven Ultrasonic Welder with MeltMatch™
technology.
Careful comparison detailed here has shown that the
servo-driven welder can provide more consistent results
than the standard pneumatic welder can. The newly
developed welder also offers a number of user friendly
ergonomic features superior Graphic User Interface with
Ethernet connectivity (iQ Explorer) as well as more
accurate process control capabilities.
Miranda Marcus , Paul Golko , Steve Lester , Leo Klinstein, May 2010
Ultrasonic welding is one of the most widely used processes for bonding polymers, valued for its speed, flexibility, and low cost. Recently there has been a call for more controlled and consistent welding processes, especially in the medical field. Dukane has worked to meet this demand through the development of a new iQ series Servo-Driven Ultrasonic Welder with MeltMatchƒ?› technology.Careful comparison, detailed here, has shown that the servo-driven welder can provide more consistent results than the standard pneumatic welder can. The newly developed welder also offers a number of user friendly ergonomic features, superior Graphic User Interface with Ethernet connectivity (iQ Explorer) as well as more accurate process control capabilities.
Martin Sentmanat , Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos, May 2010
In this paper the effect of uniaxial extension on the crystallization of a linear low-density polyethylene is examined by using rheometry with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Uniaxial extension experiments were performed at temperatures below and above the peak melting point of the polyethylene in order to characterize its flow induced crystallization behavior at extensional rates relevant to processing. The?ÿ degree of crystallinity of the stretched samples was quantified by DSC i.e. by analyzing the thermal behavior of samples after stretching. Analysis of the tensile strain hardening behavior very near the peak melt temperature revealed that crystallization depends on temperature, strain and strain rate. In addition it was revealed that a very small window of temperatures spanning just 1-2 degrees Celsius can have a dramatic effect on polymer crystallization.
John W. Song , Nicholas Tsantinis , Roy Paulson, May 2010
The effects of temperature exposure as well as annealing
TROGAMID CX-7323 (CX) on its mechanical and
ballistic impact properties were examined. CX generally
exhibits ductile failure upon ballistic impact. However
upon complete penetration the impact failure behavior
occasionally changes depending on the projectile type
and size. Notched izod impact test results revealed that
annealing CX significantly increased the notch
sensitivity. However it was concluded that the notch
sensitivity does not directly influence the ballistic impact
resistance. This is attributed to the improvement of
molecular perfection via reduction in the free volume of
the polymer molecule during the annealing process.
John W. Song , Nicholas Tsantinis , Roy Paulson, May 2010
The effects of temperature exposure as well as annealing TROGAMID CX-7323 (CX) on its mechanical and ballistic impact properties were examined. CX generally exhibits ductile failure upon ballistic impact. However, upon complete penetration, the impact failure behavior occasionally changes depending on the projectile type and size. Notched izod impact test results revealed that annealing CX significantly increased the notch sensitivity. However, it was concluded that the notch sensitivity does not directly influence the ballistic impact resistance. This is attributed to the improvement of molecular perfection via reduction in the free volume of the polymer molecule during the annealing process.
Kazumi Tada, Daisuke Fukuzawa, Ayako Watanabe, May 2010
The focus of this investigation was to develop a new model for the melting dynamics of the solid bed for barrier melting sections in single-screw extruders. This analysis is an extension of the screw rotation melting model presented earlier for conventional screws. In this paper we present a new physical concept for melting in a barrier screw for single-screw extruders that is consistent with more rapid loss of solid material in the cross-channel direction when compared to conventional screw melting discussed previously. We developed a dynamic melting model and then simulated this first-order theory. The simulation qualitatively fits the literature observations for melting in a barrier-flighted melting section of a screw.
Kazumi Tada , Daisuke Fukuzawa , Ayako Watanabe, May 2010
3-dimensional FEM simulation was performed to
clarify the mechanism on surface replication in
micro-injection molding and thermal nano-imprinting.
Especially the filling behavior into micro- and nanosurface
features was discussed in comparison with the
experimental results. The simulation results and the
experimental results of injection molding show
possibility of the generation of air traps in the filling
stage and it is considered that those air traps have a
strong relation with replication shape and replication
rate. The simulation results of thermal imprinting
clarified penetration behavior of polymer melt into
nano-surface feature and show that the aspect ratio of
the cavity and imprinting pressure influenced flow
behavior in thermal imprinting.
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Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
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