The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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The variation of both the tensile properties and the thermal properties of aligned electrospun fibers with the take-up velocity (TUV) of disc collector have not been widely investigated due to the difficulty of handling aligned nanofibers and measuring low loads. In this paper 25% of nylon 6 solution was electrospun into fibers and the fibers were aligned using a rotating disc collector. We evaluated both the mechanical and the thermal properties of aligned electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers having a diameter less than 200 nm as a function of the TUV based on a disc collector. It was determined that by increasing the TUV from 14.2 m/s to 21.4 m/s the tensile properties showed a substantial increase including the elastic modulus the strain energy density and the tensile strength which increased by 108% 100% and 75% respectively. Meanwhile the melting temperature remained the same compared to the bulk material.
The variation of both the tensile properties and the thermal properties of aligned electrospun fibers with the take-up velocity (TUV) of disc collector have not been widely investigated due to the difficulty of handling aligned nanofibers and measuring low loads. In this paper, 25% of nylon 6 solution was electrospun into fibers and the fibers were aligned using a rotating disc collector. We evaluated both the mechanical and the thermal properties of aligned electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers, having a diameter less than 200 nm, as a function of the TUV based on a disc collector. It was determined that by increasing the TUV from 14.2 m/s to 21.4 m/s, the tensile properties showed a substantial increase including the elastic modulus, the strain energy density, and the tensile strength which increased by 108%, 100%, and 75%, respectively. Meanwhile, the melting temperature remained the same compared to the bulk material.
We present a novel microfluidic mixer for high
temperature polymer melts based on the platform of the
Multi-sample Micro-slit Rheometer (MMR). The device
is essentially a static mixer with eight consecutive units of
splitting and recombination flow formed by stacking three
stainless steel shims (50 ?m thickness). The mixing
results show both multilayer and domain/matrix
morphologies depending on the channel configuration and
blend pair. This mixer will be particularly useful not only
as a polymer melt mixer but as a multilayer processor
when a limited material quantity (typical sample size ? 20
?L) is available.
We present a novel microfluidic mixer for high temperature polymer melts based on the platform of the Multi-sample Micro-slit Rheometer (MMR). The device is essentially a static mixer with eight consecutive units of splitting and recombination flow formed by stacking three stainless steel shims (50 ?¬m thickness). The mixing results show both multilayer and domain/matrix morphologies depending on the channel configuration and blend pair. This mixer will be particularly useful not only as a polymer melt mixer but as a multilayer processor when a limited material quantity (typical sample size ƒ?? 20 ?¬L) is available.h
Estanislao Ortiz-Rodriguez , Costas Tzoganakis, May 2008
The peroxide-initiated degradation of polypropylene in
fully-filled screw elements of closely intermeshing twinscrew
extruders is being analyzed. For this purpose threedimensional
simulations are being implemented to
describe this reactive flow in screw elements of two
different size extruders. The effects of the initial peroxide
concentration mass throughput and especially extruder
size on the final weight-average molecular weight and
poly-dispersity index of the product are studied. In
relation to the later the temperature of reaction resulting
from the specified processing conditions is discussed.
V. Picón , M. Matos , C. Müller-Karger , M. V. Candal , H. Nicola, May 2008
The main goal of this project was to design evaluate and
validate an interbody fusion cage (IFC) and its injection
mold by means of CAE/CAD and finite elements tools
(Pro-ENGINEER C-MOLD and ANSYS). IFC is
employed as a supplement in the lumbar fusion. PEEK was
chosen for IFC manufacture. Based on the interbody cage
design two cavities and a double opening ejection system
were used in the mold. Molds with different cooling and
feeding systems were designed and evaluated using
modelator and simulation software (C-MOLD). Results
indicate that the best mold has only one standard lateral
gate and four cooling channels in each cavity. The cycle
time was less than 36 sec. After a financial study this
project represents a feasible solution for Venezuelan
patients.
With demand for the use of plastics in Medical
Devices expected to continue growing there is also
a growing demand for improved control and analysis
of related assembly processes. Additionally there is
a growing demand to use plastics in MEMS and
Micro-fluidics for analytical and drug delivery
devices. Therefore manufacturers are increasingly
looking for joining technologies that are particulate
free and will not occlude miniature channels. These
trends have led to the introduction of several new
methods to control monitor and analyze the
assembly process as well as led to the use of new
plastics joining technologies such as Laser and Infra
Red Welding.
With demand for the use of plastics in Medical Devices expected to continue growing, there is also a growing demand for improved control and analysis of related assembly processes. Additionally there is a growing demand to use plastics in MEMS and Micro-fluidics for analytical and drug delivery devices. Therefore manufacturers are increasingly looking for joining technologies that are particulate free and will not occlude miniature channels. These trends have led to the introduction of several new methods to control, monitor and analyze the assembly process as well as led to the use of new plastics joining technologies such as Laser and Infra Red Welding.
Xiaofan Wei , Shing-Chung Wong , Avinash Baji, May 2008
Little is understood on the deformation of electrospun
nanofibers. This study aims to evaluate the electrospun
nanofiber deformation in both macroscopic and nanometer
length scales using the classical hyperelastic models. The
Mooney-Rivlin models are used to evaluate the tensile
properties of poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL) made by the
electrospinning technique. The stress-strain relationships of
single fibers are reported. This study also provides
comparative analyses among Mooney-Rivlin models.
Analytical calculations illustrate the importance of
understanding crystallinity and molecular orientations of
nanofibers.
Xiaofan Wei , Shing-Chung Wong , Avinash Baji, May 2008
Little is understood on the deformation of electrospun nanofibers. This study aims to evaluate the electrospun nanofiber deformation in both macroscopic and nanometer length scales using the classical hyperelastic models. The Mooney-Rivlin models are used to evaluate the tensile properties of poly(?æ-caprolactone) (PCL) made by the electrospinning technique. The stress-strain relationships of single fibers are reported. This study also provides comparative analyses among Mooney-Rivlin models.Analytical calculations illustrate the importance of understanding crystallinity and molecular orientations of nanofibers.
Lubomír Bení?ek , Roman ?ermák , Vincent Verney , Sophie Commereuc , Martin Obadal, May 2008
The work directs attention towards the influence of
natural weathering and accelerated UV degradation on
thermal behavior and subsequent transformation behavior
of isotactic poly(1-butene) (PB-1). For these purposes two
different commercial-available grades of PB-1 were
chosen. Specimens prepared by compression molding were
UV irradiated for 0 to 40 hours and naturally weathered up
to 63 days. Significant changes were consequently
observed in crystallization and melting behavior as well as
in the phase transformation mechanism.
Lubomír Bení?ek , Roman ?ermák , Vincent Verney , Sophie Commereuc , Martin Obadal, May 2008
The work directs attention towards the influence of natural weathering and accelerated UV degradation on thermal behavior and subsequent transformation behavior of isotactic poly(1-butene) (PB-1). For these purposes, two different commercial-available grades of PB-1 were chosen. Specimens prepared by compression molding were UV irradiated for 0 to 40 hours and naturally weathered up to 63 days. Significant changes were consequently observed in crystallization and melting behavior as well as in the phase transformation mechanism.
Marina Rogunova , Jim Mason , Robyn Francis, May 2008
Automotive original equipment manufacturers are
consistently looking for low-gloss materials for interior
applications that can stand up to years of wear and tear and
environmental exposure yet maintain aesthetic quality
without painting. Bayblend® LGX 300 resin is specifically
developed for automotive interior applications requiring a
material that is inherently low in gloss with extra
flowability good weathering and good scratch and mar
resistance. Another important attribute of Bayblend LGX
300 is its low-emission characteristic which is particularly
important as automotive manufacturers strive to reduce the
levels of VOCs in their automobiles to improve the interior
environment and meet federal regulations. Because LGX
300 resin is a low gloss high-flow polycarbonate (PC)
blend with good heat and impact performance; thin-wall
part design can be achieved without painting.
Marina Rogunova , Jim Mason , Robyn Francis, May 2008
Automotive original equipment manufacturers are consistently looking for low-gloss materials for interior applications that can stand up to years of wear and tear and environmental exposure yet maintain aesthetic quality without painting. Bayblend?? LGX 300 resin is specifically developed for automotive interior applications requiring a material that is inherently low in gloss with extra flowability, good weathering and good scratch and mar resistance. Another important attribute of Bayblend LGX 300 is its low-emission characteristic, which is particularly important as automotive manufacturers strive to reduce the levels of VOCs in their automobiles to improve the interior environment and meet federal regulations. Because LGX 300 resin is a low gloss, high-flow polycarbonate (PC) blend with good heat and impact performance; thin-wall part design can be achieved without painting.
The practice of forming a molded stud or boss in order to
retain another component is nothing new. Long ago
engineers recognized the benefits of eliminating glue
screws and other fasteners and as a result they developed
several different methods of heat staking that have been
around for quite some time.
Against this backdrop a nonconventional staking process
called InfraStake® a relatively new technology in the
business has been developed. As the name suggests the
energy source is infrared light and the heat transfer mode
is radiation (the safe type!). The InfraStake module
clamps the parts together heats the boss evenly with
precisely directed infrared light and forms the plastic with
a non-heated punch driven by a low-force pneumatic
cylinder. Figure 1 shows a typical InfraStake module.
The practice of forming a molded stud or boss in order to retain another component is nothing new. Long ago, engineers recognized the benefits of eliminating glue, screws, and other fasteners, and as a result, they developed several different methods of heat staking that have been around for quite some time. Against this backdrop, a nonconventional staking processcalled InfraStake??, a relatively new technology in the business, has been developed. As the name suggests, the energy source is infrared light, and the heat transfer mode is radiation (the safe type!). The InfraStake module clamps the parts together, heats the boss evenly with precisely directed infrared light, and forms the plastic with a non-heated punch driven by a low-force pneumatic cylinder. Figure 1 shows a typical InfraStake module.
Mike L. Zumbrunnen , David A. Zumbrunnen, May 2008
The variety and quality of blown film products can be
greatly increased if two or more polymer components can
be arranged into structures other than a few or several
layers or if much thinner and more numerous layers are
formed. This paper describes a new blown film smart die
in which polymer melts are stretched and folded
recursively by chaotic advection. Melts become arranged
into multi-layers of prescribed thickness and number.
Films can have many dozens hundreds and even
thousands of layers. Moreover the layers can transform if
desired to give particular derivative blend morphologies
such as microscopic sponge-like structures interconnected
layers platelets or droplets. Solid particles can also be
arranged into networks or oriented within discrete layers.
Mike L. Zumbrunnen , David A. Zumbrunnen, May 2008
The variety and quality of blown film products can be greatly increased if two or more polymer components can be arranged into structures other than a few or several layers or if much thinner and more numerous layers are formed. This paper describes a new blown film smart die in which polymer melts are stretched and folded recursively by chaotic advection. Melts become arranged into multi-layers of prescribed thickness and number.Films can have many dozens, hundreds, and even thousands of layers. Moreover, the layers can transform if desired to give particular derivative blend morphologies such as microscopic sponge-like structures, interconnected layers, platelets, or droplets. Solid particles can also be arranged into networks or oriented within discrete layers.
Rungsima Yeetsorn , Michael Fowler , Costas Tzoganakis, May 2008
Thermoplastic composites are thought to be one of
the most promising candidate materials to substitute for
conventional materials in bipolar plates for PEM Fuel
Cells but it is difficult to meet desirable conductivities
when using thermoplastic composite plates while maintaining
processability. In this regard introducing small amounts
of polypyrrole to the composites enhances electrical
conductivity of the composites. Experiments involved
both ex-situ tests of bipolar plate materials and in-situ fuel
cell tests. From results the conductivity of the material
and fuel cell performance increased more than 5% by
adding 1.8% of polypyrrole.
Rungsima Yeetsorn , Michael Fowler , Costas Tzoganakis, May 2008
Thermoplastic composites are thought to be one of the most promising candidate materials to substitute for conventional materials in bipolar plates for PEM Fuel Cells, but it is difficult to meet desirable conductivities when using thermoplastic composite plates while maintaining processability. In this regard, introducing small amounts of polypyrrole to the composites enhances electrical conductivity of the composites. Experiments involved both ex-situ tests of bipolar plate materials and in-situ fuel cell tests. From results, the conductivity of the material and fuel cell performance increased more than 5% by adding 1.8% of polypyrrole.
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Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
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