SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
Changeable Thermal Management for LED-Lighting
Florian Mieth, Hans-Peter Heim, Viola Sauer, May 2015
Thermal management of LED lights can be arranged by deliberately influencing lighting components conduction capabilities and reducing the thermal contact resistance for various joining processes. The research details the possibilities thereof and shows the thermal contact resistance of plastic and aluminum joining for different connection processes.
Failure Analysis of a Glass Filled Phenolic Resin Power Steering Pump Pulley
Michael D. Hayes, Michael E. Stevenson, Dustin A. Turnquist, May 2015
A root cause failure analysis was performed on a glass filled phenolic resin power steering pump pulley that was implicated in an automobile accident. A thorough investigation including vehicle inspection, macroscopic and microscopic examination, stress analysis, and exemplar testing was performed to test two competing hypotheses postulated to explain the failure. This paper details these various steps and identifies the ultimate root cause.
Packaging and Food Interactions Modeling: Validation for Compliance with Specific Migration Regulations
Iv n L¢pez, Juan C. Estefan, Alejandro Betancur, May 2015
A validation model for compliance with specific migration regulations based on the EU standard 10/2011 about plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food will be presented. This article describes the implementation of the numerical model used for the migration calculation, which is validated by comparing it to other models available in the state of art. A case study is presented to show the benefits of this model.
Part Designers? Best Ally ? An Automated Design Checker
Vikram Bhargava, Rahul Rajadhyaksha, Isha Gupta, May 2015
For a plastic part or assembly to perform as expected, proper consideration has to be given to material selection, part design, tooling, and processing. A deficiency in any one of these requirements will nullify the other three attributes, even if they are highly optimized. This paper reviews all four requirements, giving special attention to the design aspect. The paper also introduces a quick and easy to use design checking tool that will be of tremendous advantage to designers, both new and experienced.
Polypropylene Impact Copolymers for Improved Tiger-Marking Resistance in Large Part Injection Molding
Joel M. Carr, Jeffrey Salek, Mark Chappell, Mois‚s Werlang, Jake Fallon, May 2015
This work will focus on Polypropylene Impact Copolymers (ICPs) aimed at reducing the surface aesthetic defect known as tiger-marking which is formed during large part injection molding of compounded thermoplastic olefins. Emphasis will be placed on rheological predictive testing and how this translates to the final part aesthetic performance.
Qualifying a Recycled Material with Stringent Engineering Properties Requirements Using Six Sigma
Vikram Bhargava, May 2015
Recycling commodity plastics with non-stringent mechanical requirements present few technical changes other than justifying the cost of recycling. When considering recycled engineering plastics for high end products with very tough mechanical, cosmetic (including custom color), processing, cost and reliable availability requirements with minimal lot to lot variation, it becomes a much bigger challenge. This paper deals with a successful case study in overcoming these challenges.
Determination of the Zero Shear Viscosity of Polyethylene
Joo Teh, Wen Lin, Padmini Popuri, May 2015
The zero shear viscosity (ZSV) of 10 commercial polyethylene resins has been determined with a creep test and the traditional oscillatory frequency sweep test. Identical results were obtained from the two different test methods. The obtained ZSV by either method can be used to evaluate the long chain branching content of polyethylene resins.
Fast Thermal Tomography for Non-Destructive Testing of Plastic Components
Giovanni Schober, Stefan Kremling, Thomas Hochrein, Peter Heidemeyer, Martin Bastian, May 2015
In the field of non-destructive testing (NDT) active
thermography is state of the art. However, in recent years
further developments have been limited to the system
miniaturization, cost reduction and increase of the thermal
and geometric resolution. The detection of defects in
deeper layers results in an enormous amount of data and
long test durations. Here, thermal tomography offers a
promising approach as circumvent these obstacles.
Composites for Shielding Electromagnetic Radiation
Veronika Vogel, Michael Gehde, May 2015
More and more electronic housings are made of polymers instead of metals. Ensuring failure-free operation of electronic equipment and preventing a negative influence on electronic components in the environment shielding actions have to be implemented. The objective of this paper is to present an approach, which allows producing large and highly stressable electronic enclosures such as battery boxes for electric vehicles and to examine systematically weak points in future junctions of components.
Surface Modification of Nano Silca for Organic/Inorganic Hybrid UV Curable Acrylate Hard Coating
Ho Jong Kang, Song-hye Hwang, Seungwoo Bak, Doowhan Kang, May 2015
The effect of acrylate surface modified nano silica on ultraviolet (UV) curing characteristics of acrylate hard coating material was studied. Our photo DSC results show that acrylate surface modification on nano silica improved the UV curing of acrylate. It was found that acrylate modified nano silica caused the enhancement of hardness of acrylate hard coating with maintaining of reasonably good optical properties for the hard coated optical film application.
Molding Strategies for Bridging Production Volumes
David Kazmer, Stephen P. Johnston, May 2015
Fixed and marginal costs are analyzed for plastic part production with class 101 injection molds, aluminum tooling, prototype molds made by additive manufacturing with photopolymers, and products directly manufactured by 3D printing via fused deposition modeling of thermoplastics. The analysis indicates that the production costs can vary by orders of magnitude, and that different processes are preferred with varying production quantities.
Combined X-Ray and Optical Pellet Inspection for Smallest Impurity Detection during Plastic Pellet Production and Processing
Christian Frank, May 2015
Impurities in plastic pellets have to be detected and sorted out effectively, even when they are melted down into the pellet. This is achieved by a purity inspection system, which includes a combination of X-ray technology and an optical system. The X-ray technology looks inside the pellets, independent of non- transparency and color. With this new technical approach, even 50æm contamination can be detected and therefore a 100% inspection for smallest contamination is possible.
Discussing the Feasibility of Implementing Rotational Foam Molding Operations Based on Physical Blowing Agents
Remon Pop-Iliev, May 2015
This paper focuses on evaluating the suitability of technologically-distinctive novel processing concepts for successfully transforming engineering resins into rotationally molded cellular polymeric composite articles of controllable densities in terms of using physical blowing agents while achieving simultaneous retention of fine-celled foam morphologies while maintaining a uniform thickness of the solid skin and while reducing the processing cycle times and energy consumption.
Characterization of Carbonized Electrospun Lignin Fibers
Vida Poursorkhabi, Manjusri Misra, Amar Mohanty, May 2015
Non-woven carbon fiber mat was produced by thermal treatment of the electrospun lignin fibers. Aqueous solution blends of organosolv hardwood lignin and 5 percentage of high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) were electrospun. Average diameter of lignin fibres had a 25% reduction after carbonization. Results of Raman spectroscopy, surface area analysis, and thermal conductivity are comparable to carbonized fibers obtained from electrospun PAN.
Impact Puncture Resistance of Multilayer Flexible Food Packages
Leopoldo Carbajal, Rong Jiao, Diane Hahm, Barry A. Morris, Randy Kendzierski, May 2015
The development of a laboratory test method to rank the relative impact puncture resistance of flexible packages is presented. Details about the laboratory test, and the method used to rank the structures are given. Test results for selected multilayer structures are shown, and a ranking based on the test results is presented. In turn, this ranking is compared against results obtained using a drop test developed for the purpose of simulating the food filling portion of the packaging process.
Bioadhesive from Lignin and Dried Distillers? Grains with Solubles (DDGS)
Tao Wang, Manjusri Misra, Amar Mohanty, May 2015
Lignin and dried distillers? grains with solubles (DDGS) were utilized to prepare biobased adhesives at different DDGS-to-lignin ratios. The adhesion properties of the bioadhesives for bonding plywood were then evaluated. The adhesives prepared from the mixture of DDGS and lignin showed higher bonding strength than the adhesives prepared from DDGS and lignin alone. Analysis of the hot pressed adhesives showed that the DDGS extract and lignin had favorable interaction, which contributed to better performance of the hybrid adhesives.
High Accuracy Methods for Foam Injection-Expansion Simulation
Laurence Ville, Guillaume Fran‡ois, May 2015
In this paper, we propose a set of advanced numerical methods in order to simulate foam injection-expansion processes in a single step. Our approach is based on a set of stabilized solvers for each governing equation. These solvers are coupled with an advanced global stabilization algorithm and a multi-criteria adaptive meshing technology. These new technologies provide realistic results. We present several analytical and technical examples to demonstrate the overall robustness.
Microwave Synthesis of Poly (Glycerol Sebacate)
Gildas Coativy, Manjusri Misra, Amar Mohanty, May 2015
In the present work, poly (glycerol sebacate) elastomer was obtained by microwaving glycerol with sebacic acid during 128 minutes at 180øC. The power and the temperature were recorded through the reaction. They were unstable (oscillating) during the initial period of reaction (one hour), and become stable after. The step in which the power was unstable could correspond to the pre polymerization and the second step to the polymerization. Thermogravimetric analysis, attenuated total reflectance, and mass loss measurement during the process support this hypothesis.
Capillary Rheometry Transient Data Analysis
Amir M. Moshe, David Kazmer, Stephen P. Johnston, Shmuel Kenig, Robert Malloy, May 2015
A transient rheological analysis method is presented with investigation of three modeling effects: shear rate dependence, relaxation spectrum, and melt compressibility. Results are presented for Cross-WLF shear-viscosity model, two relaxation spectrum models and two compressibility conditions. The Cross-WLF viscosity model together with a power-law relaxation spectrum and melt compressible conditions yield the highest correlation between the modeled and observed viscosity.
Peelable Seal Films With Enhanced Moisture Barrier Properties For Flexible Packaging Applications
Dan Falla, May 2015
Most cereal and cracker packages are designed to have the seal layer peel apart while being opened. Unfortunately, opening these packages often results in catastrophic failure of the film and spillage of the contents. In this study, various types of peelable seal layers were investigated. In addition, a new high moisture barrier sHDPE was evaluated.
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