SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
A New Versatile Masterbatch Additive For Polypropylene Compounds
In this paper we discuss the composition and performance characteristics of a new polypropylene masterbatch which incorporates an ultrahigh molecular weight (uhmw) silicone gum in a PP carrier. In general, surface effects can be obtained when employing different amides, or even fatty acids, however an ultra-high molecular weight silicone gum does not migrate or bloom to the surface, while providing very good scratch and mar resistance in polypropylene-based compounds. The material is supplied in pellet form, as well as microgranules, to better fit the end applications.
On-Line Processability Characterization Of Thermoplastic Formulations During Injection Molding
Processability is a critical performance parameter when developing thermoplastic formulations for injection molding applications. This paper describes various on-line methods for quantifying processability and compares the results with off-line rheological methods.
Developing Scratch-Resistant Clear Coating For Automotive By Using Molecular Necklace Cross-Linker
Surfaces of the automobile are damaged in various
forms due to external forces. The most common damage is
scratch. It is not only a physical damage but also a fatal
failure in an aesthetic point of view. Scratch damages are
often observed on the clearcoat, which is the top layer of
the automotive paint. In this study, scratch tests were
conducted to evaluate the scratch resistances of various
types of clearcoat layers. ASTM D7027 standard was
modified to observe scratch damage more clearly.
Chromatic Effects For Sensitive Plastics Applications
This paper highlights the use of organic pigments, pearlescent effects and metallic pigments in the design of decorative materials for sensitive plastics applications. Examples of sensitive applications include food packaging and toys, as well as, cosmetic packaging, pharmaceutical applications and medical devices.
Plastic Design Pitfalls
This paper will review a number of plastic part design pitfalls which came to a head when a little boy was badly burned after his digital watch caught fire and partially burned. The product was designed in the US and mass produced in China. The design of the product was improper, however the tool design and execution made it worse.
Melt Index And Extensional Rheology Combined
Using two established measurements, the combination thereof rolled into one instrument and one measurement, is herewith covered. A Melt Indexer and an Elongation Tester put together, greatly enhance the usefulness of each test result by itself, while saving much time compared to running tests individually. GOETTFERT has many years of experience with both individual tests and developed the D-MELT in close cooperation with a customer, who has many years of experience with a similar design mix.
Introduction
Two-Tiered Approach To Extending Food Life
There are several approaches to extending food life including but not limited to; Oxygen Scavengers, Anti-Microbials, UV Blockers and Absorbers, as well as Multi-Layer Films.
No single additive has been found that will effectively address the various food products and by-product from rotting food and extending the life and taste of food. We Utilize two products which in combination slow the degradation of food and the spoilage cycle.
Modelling Laser Light Transmission In Thermoplastic Composites Using Monte-Carlo Simulation
The distribution and quantity of laser energy reaching the weld interface are both important for predicting the quality of a laser-transmission weld. A Monte-Carlo model for simulating the path of laser light through light-scattering plastic parts has been developed and validated. The model accounts for absorption, scattering, and reflection in the transparent polymer. The model outputs include the transmittance of the inputted laser light as well as the energy density distribution at the weld interface.
Case Study: Synergy Of Industrial Design And Plastics Engineering Applied To The Design Of A Hyperspectral Imaging Camera
Innovative products are recognized by designs which have creatively applied a new technology or when a common utilitarian product is been reinvented to reenergize its market appeal. This case study will describe the development of a unique medical device based on the interdependency of industrial design and plastics engineering to yield an award-winning design that could only be attained by a comprehensive integration of these two disciplines.
Effect Of Long Chain Branching On The Rheology And Flame Properties In Polycarbonate Resins
It is known from literature [1, 2] that the rheological properties of polymer melts are influenced by the degree of long chain branching (LCB). Therefore, it is very important to understand the influence of LCB on the solid-state properties to help improve material design for unique applications. The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the use of extensional rheology as a tool to understand FR performance pertaining to dripping. Further, we also demonstrate the synergistic role of LCB in polycarbonate resins for improving FR performance.
The Effect Of Boundary Conditions, Material Parameters, And Rotational Flow On Center Layer Thickness And Stability In Tri-Layer Annular Flow
A tri-layer simulation study utilizing ANSYS Polyflow was conducted in an attempt to understand the effect of the material parameters, namely viscosity and elasticity ratios, on center layer thickness and stability under annular flow. During the study, it was determined that inflow boundary conditions also had a considerable impact on the thickness trends observed. Results of two different inflow boundaries and four material parameter conditions are presented and discussed within.
Thermoplastic Elastomers: An Overview
Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) can be defined as a class of special type of polymers, which exhibit hybrid behavior of thermoplastics and rubbers [1-3]. They can be processed like thermoplastics and at the same time can perform like rubber over a broad use temperature range. The thermoplastic elastomers’ sector has expanded at a compound annual growth rate of 5.4% since 2012 to reach 4.24 million tonnes in 2017. Even though TPEs are an increasingly mature market, Smithers-RAPRA research shows that this growth would continue at a rate of 5.5% across the next five years to hit 5.53 million tonnes in 2022 [4].
Advancements In Decorative Pvd Chromium Coatings For Polymer Substrates
Environmentally friendly PVD on plastics for automotive decoration are rapidly gaining acceptance. They replace galvanic processes, eliminating their toxic process and waste stream for plating on plastic (POP). VTI’s SuperChrome has already received approvals from Daimler and PSA. Part design for PVD, polymer selection, and available range of color and appearance will be discussed. OEM specifications based on testing, unique to PVD and distinct from both electroplate and painted surfaces are required.
Biopolyesters For Agriculture: Permeation And Degradation For Controlling Chemical Release
Biobased and biodegradable polymers are well suited to agricultural applications where hey can be left in the field to degrade into innocuous byproducts. These polymers are lso widely used for biomedical controlled release. However, the properties and egradation rates are not necessarily suitable for the environmental conditions and utrient demand of plants. In this work, two different biodegradable polyesters are repared and contrasted in terms of their diffusion and degradation rates.
Characterization Of Recycled Polymer Compound By Thermal Analysis
Thermal analysis techniques, such as DSC, TGA, DMA and TMA are commonly used in polymer characterization. In this paper these techniques with the help of Identify, a database search software, are used to characterize recycled polymer compounds for preselection.
Heat Treated Bamboo Fiber For Sustainable Polymer Blends
This study evaluated polymer composites produced from recycled PA6 and PP blend with bamboo fiber. Blends of bamboo fiber were used as received, as well as heat treated. It was observed that heat treatment at 160ºC/180ºC improved the tensile and impact properties of the composite compared to untreated fiber composite. The goal of the study was to produce a thermally stable, lightweight composite suitable for under-hood applications.
Injection Molding Processing Of Bio-Based & Bio-Filled Resins
Injection molding with bio-based and/or bio-filled resins is becoming more commonplace as the plastics industry responds to the environmental and sustainable desires of the economy. This paper presents some intricacies of part design and processing developments when injection molding with bio-based and bio-filled resins.
Sustainable Polyamide Compounds
Value added cost effective and sustainable polyamide 6 and 66 compounds were prepared by incorporating 10 to 30% recycle content without significantly sacrificing physical properties. This was achieved by reactive extrusion with chain extending additives to couple low molecular weight chains in recycled feed streams. Three types of chain extending additives with different functionalities were evaluated in this study. Based on the performance and cost, one of the chain extending additive was identified as the best option.
The Importance Of Chemical Stabilization In Recycled Material For Corrugated And Conduit Polyolefin Pipes
Much attention has been given to stabilization packages for polyolefin pressure pipes over the past couple decades, however corrugated and conduit pipes have generally been ignored with respect to more robust stabilization packages. Certain groups such as the Florida Department of Transportation have set rules establishing oxidative resistance in HDPE corrugated pipes, but few others have followed this example. A discussion of the simplicity and importance of pipe resin stabilization as well as examples from stabilized pipes will be covered.
Strain-Hardening Behavior In Transient Elongational Viscosity For PP Containing LDPE
Transient uniaxial elongational viscosity for binary blends composed of conventional isotactic polypropylene with linear structure (PP) and low-density polyethylene produced in an autoclave reactor (LDPE) was evaluated. The blends were prepared by melt-mixing to make PP as the continuous phase. Although LDPE exists as dispersed droplets, it was found that the LDPE addition provides the strain-hardening in transient elongational viscosity for PP. During elongational flow, LDPE droplets dispersed in the PP matrix were deformed in the flow direction because the viscosity of LDPE used is lower than that of PP. As increasing the strain, however, the deformed LDPE droplets act as rigid fibers due to its strain-hardening behavior. Consequently, the PP matrix located between the fibrous LDPE droplets is deformed greatly during elongational flow. This excess localized deformation is responsible for the strain-hardening in the transient elongational viscosity for the blends.
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