SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
Numerical Optimization Of Advanced Mixing Elements On Single Screw Extruders
In this paper, the simulation of multiple variations of mixing elements and their results are presented. It is intended to create reliable information on how rather unconventional mixing elements in comparison to standard mixing elements can help to improve melt homogeneity. Therefore, a post processing method is developed to indicate the mixing efficiency of each simulated geometry. Finally, a conclusion is given recommending certain geometry parameters to optimize individual mixing elements.
Requirements For Medical Plastics - Launch Of New Guideline
Safety for patient and user is an essential requirement for medical products. Subsequently, plastics grades used in medical have to fulfil particular requirements, i.e. constant properties, formulation lock or biocompatibility. Surprisingly, no standard has existed to define the requirements for medical grades so far. This gap has been filled recently by the new guideline VDI 2017 developed and launched by a work group of the German Engineer’s Society (VDI). This article addresses the development of the new guideline and presents the essential requirements to be covered by a medical grade.
High Density Polyethylene Blends For Additive Manufacturing
High density polyethylene is challenging to use in standard additive manufacturing methods today, but would provide desirable properties such as chemical resistance, lightweighting, and durability to enable applications beyond prototyping. In this work, we describe high density polyethylene blends with highly branched polyethylene or polyethylene copolymers that improve adhesion and reduce warpage, significantly improving printability in standard filament extrusion 3D-printing methods.
High Shear Capillary Rheometry Of Cellulose Nanomaterials For Industry Relevant Processing
The effects of high-shear flow on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are studied to demonstrate potential impacts of industrial processing. A microcapillary rheometer was used to characterize the shear thinning characteristics of CNCs at diverse concentrations. Shear thinning characteristics follow the Sisko model which allows reduction of the data onto time-concentration superposition master curves. Shift factors follow a Williams-Landel-Ferry-like (WLF) relationship.
Crosshatch Tape-Adhesion Test For Multi-Layer Films Using Scratch Machine
Each model film is made in machine direction orientation and consists of two types of polyolefin; For some model films, a different compatibilizer was used; Each model film has a structure of ‘ABCBA’. Here, B is a tie layer; The thickness of the model films is from 2 mil to 2.5 mil, and the thickness of the skin layer is from 5 to 10%.
Effect Of Polypropylene Chain Branching On Melt Blown Process Stability
In this work, linear polypropylene (L-PP) and longchain branched polypropylene miscible blend (LCB-PP), both having comparable weight average molecular weight, zero-shear viscosity and polydispersity index, were used to produce nonwovens via melt blown technology in order to understand role of long chain branching on the fiber diameter distribution.
The Benefits Of Farrel Continuous Mixing (Fcm(Tm)) Technology In Processing Polylactide (Pla) Compounds
Continuous mixing technology was first developed in the early 1960’s in an effort to create continuous rubber processing traditionally done in batch form. Due to the method of melting and mixing in a highly efficient manner, it has found a niche in highly filled or shear sensitive mixing/compounding applications. Polylactide resins are shear and temperature sensitive polymers that can benefit from continuous mixing technology in both neat and compounded processing applications.
Extremely Low Emission Polyoxymethylene For Automotive Interior Parts
This paper presents the results of new extremely low emission (XLE) POM and low emission and improved odor PP long fiber reinforced thermoplastics (LFRT). The results highlight emissions that meet the current VOC requirements. Additionally, the products have significant improvement in odor and meet global demands.
Direct Joining Of Polytetrafluoroethylene And Polyamide To Steel Via Use Of Surface Treatment
The need to be able to directly join polymers to metals is growing. For example, in the drive to make batteries smaller, more energy efficient, longer lasting, and less expensive to manufacture, direct joining of polymers to metals offers many benefits. In this work, the use of a unique, commercially available, surface treatment method has been investigated as a potential method of making direct joining feasible.
Disinfectant Resistant Materials For Medical Devices
Against a background of increasingly aggressive disinfection protocols being used in the medical sector, there is a compelling need for improved chemically resistant thermoplastics for medical device housings. We describe the development of exciting new materials, leveraging SABIC’s LNP™ copolymer technology to step beyond the performance of existing materials, such as polycarbonate and polybutylene terephthalate, showing compatibility with the most aggressive disinfectants currently in the market.
Flexil – A Novel Soft Touch Thermoplastic Elastomer
Flexil®, a polymeric modifier can be used to uniquely tune and modify various types of elastomers and polymers. The versatility of Flexil creates a new platform for engineers to slightly tune their matrix polymer without sacrificing the inherent performances for a variety of end applications.
A Computational Study Of Necking And Drawing Of Plastic-Rubber Laminates
Semi-crystalline polymers undergo necking followed
by stable drawing under tensile forces. Whereas, a rubber
extends many times its original length uniformly under
tension. The necking and drawing behavior of the semicrystalline
material can be modified by the addition of a
rubber layer. Finite element simulation of plastic-rubberplastic
tri-layers suggest that the applied stretch at which
the neck develops, and the natural draw ratio can be
controlled by varying the thickness of the rubber.
A New Versatile Masterbatch Additive For Polypropylene Compounds
In this paper we discuss the composition and performance characteristics of a new polypropylene masterbatch which incorporates an ultrahigh molecular weight (uhmw) silicone gum in a PP carrier. In general, surface effects can be obtained when employing different amides, or even fatty acids, however an ultra-high molecular weight silicone gum does not migrate or bloom to the surface, while providing very good scratch and mar resistance in polypropylene-based compounds. The material is supplied in pellet form, as well as microgranules, to better fit the end applications.
On-Line Processability Characterization Of Thermoplastic Formulations During Injection Molding
Processability is a critical performance parameter when developing thermoplastic formulations for injection molding applications. This paper describes various on-line methods for quantifying processability and compares the results with off-line rheological methods.
Developing Scratch-Resistant Clear Coating For Automotive By Using Molecular Necklace Cross-Linker
Surfaces of the automobile are damaged in various
forms due to external forces. The most common damage is
scratch. It is not only a physical damage but also a fatal
failure in an aesthetic point of view. Scratch damages are
often observed on the clearcoat, which is the top layer of
the automotive paint. In this study, scratch tests were
conducted to evaluate the scratch resistances of various
types of clearcoat layers. ASTM D7027 standard was
modified to observe scratch damage more clearly.
Chromatic Effects For Sensitive Plastics Applications
This paper highlights the use of organic pigments, pearlescent effects and metallic pigments in the design of decorative materials for sensitive plastics applications. Examples of sensitive applications include food packaging and toys, as well as, cosmetic packaging, pharmaceutical applications and medical devices.
Plastic Design Pitfalls
This paper will review a number of plastic part design pitfalls which came to a head when a little boy was badly burned after his digital watch caught fire and partially burned. The product was designed in the US and mass produced in China. The design of the product was improper, however the tool design and execution made it worse.
Melt Index And Extensional Rheology Combined
Using two established measurements, the combination thereof rolled into one instrument and one measurement, is herewith covered. A Melt Indexer and an Elongation Tester put together, greatly enhance the usefulness of each test result by itself, while saving much time compared to running tests individually. GOETTFERT has many years of experience with both individual tests and developed the D-MELT in close cooperation with a customer, who has many years of experience with a similar design mix.
Introduction
Two-Tiered Approach To Extending Food Life
There are several approaches to extending food life including but not limited to; Oxygen Scavengers, Anti-Microbials, UV Blockers and Absorbers, as well as Multi-Layer Films.
No single additive has been found that will effectively address the various food products and by-product from rotting food and extending the life and taste of food. We Utilize two products which in combination slow the degradation of food and the spoilage cycle.
Modelling Laser Light Transmission In Thermoplastic Composites Using Monte-Carlo Simulation
The distribution and quantity of laser energy reaching the weld interface are both important for predicting the quality of a laser-transmission weld. A Monte-Carlo model for simulating the path of laser light through light-scattering plastic parts has been developed and validated. The model accounts for absorption, scattering, and reflection in the transparent polymer. The model outputs include the transmittance of the inputted laser light as well as the energy density distribution at the weld interface.
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