The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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In this paper, the effect of crosslinking on the flow properties in foam extrusion and injection molding was studied using. The change in flow resistance of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) from partial crosslinking of the resin was characterized, with and without the influence of the dissolved blowing agent. The shear and extensional viscosities of the resin were approximated through the analysis of the pressure drop across a Hele-Shaw die channel. The influence of blowing agent on the viscosity of the EVA resin was also investigated.
In this paper, the development of crosslinked wood fiber/Elastomer foams was investigated using a batch foaming system. Potential cost reduction and improvement of certain mechanical performance are the motivations of this study. The cell morphology of the foamed products was optimized by varying processing. The influence of different parameters on the cell structure was analyzed. The mechanical properties (tensile modulus and durometer hardness) were also measured to pursue the effect of wood fiber.
New family of ENH flame retardant PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) thermoplastic polyester resins developed is aimed at helping electrical/electronics (E/E) manufacturers and suppliers comply with regulations restricting use and disposal of hazardous substances. The non-chlorinated non-brominated resin based on PBT delivers good ductility and strength than other nonhalogen flame-retardant PBT materials as well as electrical properties of standard flame-retardant PBT materials. Some of the resin properties will be discussed in this publication.
Z. Zhu, J. Wang, J.W.S. Lee, Christian B. Park, May 2010
This paper describes the numerical analysis of cell growth during the filling and post-filling stages in injection foam molding. The pressure change with regard to a Lagrangian framework, as well as temperature distribution, was calculated using the Finite Element Method. The foaming initiation line was predicted by utilizing the solubility of the blowing agent in polymer. Individual bubble growth during the filling and post-filling stages was simulated using the Cell Model. Furthermore, cell trajectory during the filling stage was tracked.
Moiz Jafferji, Daniel F. Schmidt, Emmanuelle Reynaud, May 2010
In this study, polypropylene tensile bars were tested at rates of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mm/min while monitoring their heat output using an infrared video camera. Stress-strain-temperature curves and plots correlating mechanical work with heat output were then generated. The results demonstrate that changes in deformation behavior may be quantified via this approach, providing a new means of relating loading conditions, microstructure and ultimate properties.
The microstructural characteristics of laser-welded joints of PC PA-6 and PA-6 reinforced with 30% glass fibers were examined using optical and polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of laser power on the tensile strength of the laser-welded joints was examined and discussed in terms of various microstructural aspects. The melt fronts at the contact interface of PA-6 joints were monitored as a function of laser power. Glass fiber re-orientation in the reinforced PA-6 was also examined.
Divya Kosuri , Sunny M. Ogbomo , Nandika A. D’Souza, May 2010
Layer Double Hydroxides (LDH) as flame retardants
are a growing interest. The quest for non-halogen flame
retardants has led to the need to find non-toxic flame
retardants for commercial use in polymers. This article
reports the thermal and flammability properties of linear
low density polyethylene (LLDPE) incorporated with
LDH. The objective of this project is to evaluate the flame
retardance of polyethylene. Thermophysical measurements
and tensile results are also conducted.
Nivedita Sangaj, Amol Mohite, Abhijit Namjoshi, Vijay Mhetar, May 2010
We describe a lab based AFM based IR measurement
capability that can obtain local spectra and IR maps over
the spectral range of 1000-4000cm-1 with spatial
resolution as high as 100nm. We demonstrate this new
capability on a polymer multilayer.
As modern users of automotive interior plastic parts demand to enhance higher surface quality and lower manufacturing cost, film insert molding method has been widely applied lately to these injection molded products. In this paper, the integration technique of vacuum thermal forming, insert film injection molding and cavity monitoring processes, which is performed on multi-cavity mold system, is proposed and performed both experimentally and numerically for an automotive plastic part model.
In this work novel patent pending orifice die design
for precise extensional viscosity data determination from
entrance pressure drop measurements has been developed
and tested both theoretically (through Finite Element
Analysis) and experimentally. It has been demonstrated
that the proposed novel orifice die allows much more
precise extensional viscosity measurements for polymer
melts in comparison with conventionally used orifice dies.
In this work, novel patent pending orifice die design for precise extensional viscosity data determination from entrance pressure drop measurements has been developed and tested both, theoretically (through Finite Element Analysis) and experimentally. It has been demonstrated that the proposed novel orifice die allows much more precise extensional viscosity measurements for polymer melts in comparison with conventionally used orifice dies.
The melting and densification behaviour of a range of Polyethylenes (PEs) produced from 2 different catalysts, Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene types, were investigated using a novel visual data acquisition and analysis system (TP Picture??), developed by Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy. Differences in the dissolution behaviour of the bubbles were observed and correlations with the material density, densification rate, bubble size/ distribution and MFI were determined.
In this work die build-up phenomenon has been
investigated theoretically by using FEM analysis as well
as experimentally for polypropylene resins which are
commonly used in the biaxial oriented film production. It
has been demonstrated that the negative pressure at the
die exit region is correable with die drool phenomenon in
this case.
In this work, die build-up phenomenon has been investigated theoretically, by using FEM analysis, as well as experimentally for polypropylene resins which are commonly used in the biaxial oriented film production. It has been demonstrated that the negative pressure at the die exit region is correable with die drool phenomenon in this case.
Good resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP) is considered to be important in plastic pipe field performance. However, RCP is a very complex phenomenon that depends on a variety of factors including pipe geometry (diameter and wall thickness) and test conditions (temperature and pressure). We show the effects, from both theoretical and experimental aspects, of these and other variables on RCP performance and share our concerns about some of the current RCP (S4) test practices.
Koffi L. Dagnon , Clark Robinson , Hua H. Chen , Nandika A. D’Souza, May 2010
Isothermal crystallization of poly (3-hydroxybutyrateco-
3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/ Zn-Al layered double
hydroxide (LDH) stearate nanocomposites was investigated
by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The
Avrami equation was derived and the parameters were
assessed for the nucleation and crystal growth mechanism of
PHBV and its nanocomposites. (Ref.8)
Koffi L. Dagnon , Clark Robinson , Hua H. Chen , Nandika A. D’Souza, May 2010
Isothermal crystallization of poly (3-hydroxybutyrateco- 3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/ Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) stearate nanocomposites was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Avrami equation was derived and the parameters were assessed for the nucleation and crystal growth mechanism of PHBV and its nanocomposites.
Nanocomposites formed from blends of HDPE and HDPE-g-MA and organoclay were melt processed and analyzed by WAXS and TEM coupled with particle analysis to explore the effect of HDPE-g-MA on extent of exfoliation and mechanical properties. As HDPE-g-MA content increases, the global average particle aspect ratio increases drastically, peaks, and slightly decreases. Relative modulus improves with increased levels of HDPE-g-MA, and then levels off.
Matthew W. Spencer , Lili Cui , Youngjae Yoo , D. R. Paul, May 2010
Nanocomposites formed from blends of HDPE and
HDPE-g-MA and organoclay were melt processed and
analyzed by WAXS and TEM coupled with particle
analysis to explore the effect of HDPE-g-MA on extent of
exfoliation and mechanical properties. As HDPE-g-MA
content increases the global average particle aspect ratio
increases drastically peaks and slightly decreases.
Relative modulus improves with increased levels of
HDPE-g-MA and then levels off.
Michael Heinzer, Myoungbae Lee, Rachel VanHouten, Ozma Lane, James E. McGrath, Donald G. Baird, May 2010
Two-component injection compression molding process is the most advanced technology to produce large optical polycarbonate glazing panels. The paper investigates the effects of molding conditions and second shot material on the warpage of finished (coated) parts through a molding trial DOE. The data and results can provide a guideline for a proper part and process design and materials selection to manufacture good quality 2two-component PC panels/glazing with minimum warpage.
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Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
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