The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Akiyoshi Kajii , Shuhei Okumura , Kentaro Taki, May 2008
Cross-linking of a UV-curing monomer was utilized to make bubbles in a polystyrene matrix. The UV-curing monomer was instantly polymerized and cross-linked by exposure to UV light. Excess heat was produced during the polymerization, which was utilized to induce bubble nucleation in the CO2-saturated polymer. The polymerization of UV curing monomer formed a highly cross-linked structure which suppressed the bubble growth. The resulting foam contained 20 micron cells at 1 x 108 /cm3.
The converting industry uses a significant amount of polyolefins from
polyethylene coated paper board to metalized paper & film as well as polyolefin
thin films.
An improved mechanical apparatus and control
method to enable enhanced melt modulation during
injection molding has been developed and evaluated. As
part of this new actuators were designed with the
objective of decreasing both the size and cost relative to
previously explored melt modulation systems. In addition
different control techniques were applied in order to
enhance the system performance. The results show that
significant improvements were realized but potential
remaining challenges are also presented in the paper.
An improved mechanical apparatus and control method to enable enhanced melt modulation during injection molding has been developed and evaluated. As part of this, new actuators were designed with the objective of decreasing both the size and cost relative to previously explored melt modulation systems. In addition, different control techniques were applied in order to enhance the system performance. The results show that significant improvements were realized, but potential remaining challenges are also presented in the paper.
Andres Garcia , Patricia Alvarado , Maria Sibaja , Guillermo Jimenez , Jose Vega, May 2008
Rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared by a multi- step procedure using a polyol blend of poly(ethylenglycol) PEG-200/pineapple molasses and 4 4'-diisophenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with a NCO/OH ratio of 1.2. Such material was reinforced with fibers from banana rachis with a fiber composition ranging from 18% to 40% wt.Thermal and themooxidative degradation properties of these composites were assessed. Thermal degradation of PU60 showed the highest polymer lifetime values.
L. Jimenez , M. Sibaja , P. Alvarado , J. Vega , Jimenez , M.F. Barreiro , C.A.Cateto , M. Lopretti, May 2008
A composite material using unsaturated commercial polyester resin (UPE) and olive brush seed (OBS) was prepared. OBS was treated with sodium hydroxide and maleic anhydride (MAN) and subsequently utilized in a proportion of 35 wt.% to prepare a composite material. These materials were evaluated in terms of moisture absorption surface density and mechanical properties such as flexure and tensile tests.
Siva Movva , Dante Guerra , Zhi-qi Cai , Yunior Hioe , L. James Lee , Jose Castro, May 2008
The poor thermal conductivity of polymer based composites has long been a deterrent to their increased use in high end aerospace applications. In this study the thermal conductivity of Epoxy-Carbon fiber composites is improved dramatically by a novel method of incorporating carbon nanoparticles into the system. A comprehensive study of the preparation and properties of the highly thermally conductive Epoxy-Carbon fiber-Carbon nanofiber composites is presented.
Danielle Froio , Sarah Schirmer , Jo Ann Ratto , Matthew Bernasconi , Christopher Thellen , Scott Winroth, May 2008
Two grades of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) were compounded with kaolinite nanoparticles at a loading level of 5%, and subsequently extruded into blown and cast monolayer films. Films were analyzed for oxygen and water vapor barrier, mechanical performance and thermal properties. The films showed slight changes in thermal stability, no significant improvement in barrier properties, a decrease in Young's modulus and no change in thermal properties such as melt and glass transition temperature.
The mission of this study is to determine the effect of the orientation induced during the transformation process in the adjustable parameters of the constitutive equations for PP. In the hot tensile test different thermoforming conditions were simulated by changing oven temperature (sheet temperature) and crosshead speed (plug speed).Stressƒ??strain relations were derived. The model used involved eight adjustable parameters considering the effect of the process condition and process orientation.
The importance of three inter-dependent factors, i.e., (1) materials, (2) manufacturing, and (3) design and engineering, is generally recognized. All factors are indispensable and equally important for product development. Manufacturing is often the least structured factor and many designers and materials experts do not consider themselves capable to deal with it. Fortunately, expertise is sufficiently available and the best professionals are able to utilize plastics expertise properly in collaborative product development.
This paper presents a study of the effects of various cold runner systems on filling and packing of a plastic part in injection molding. A comparison between graduated and constant runner diameters was the main focus of the paper. The study centered on the battle between minimizing runner volume and minimizing pressure drops. While many theories exist supporting one runner system over another this research attempted to collect enough data to prove when each should be used.
A new novel process that will produce a
structural hydrogel catheter has been
developed (1) resulting in biocompatible
architecturally stable all
hydrogel devices which can be used as
an alternative to conventional TPE’s.
Premature cracks were observed during service in the
slide valve assembly molded from an acrylonitilebutadiene-
styrene resin. The investigation focused on the
determination of nature and cause of the failure. The
results obtained during the evaluation indicated that the
failure was due to environmental stress cracking which
occurred as a consequence of the presence of the residual
stress and the stress cracking agent. This paper will focus
on the testing used to characterize the failure mode and
identify the cause of the cracking of the slide valve
assembly.
Premature cracks were observed during service in the slide valve assembly molded from an acrylonitilebutadiene- styrene resin. The investigation focused on the determination of nature and cause of the failure. The results obtained during the evaluation indicated that the failure was due to environmental stress cracking, which occurred as a consequence of the presence of the residual stress and the stress cracking agent. This paper will focus on the testing used to characterize the failure mode and identify the cause of the cracking of the slide valve assembly.
We investigate the viscoelastic properties of chain molecules (n-hexadecane) under steady state and oscillatory shear flow of ultra thin films by molecular dynamics simulation. The stress vs. strain rate diagram of the oscillatory shear flow system is used to determine the range of linear viscoelasticity. In addition interfacial slip is observed and discussed in both cases. The critical shear stress at which slip occurs is also found in our simulation.
Erika Palacios-Aguilar , Leonardo Cortés-Rodríguez , Jaime Bonilla-Ríos, May 2008
Several HDPE resins with different bubble film stability were tested in a melt flow indexer using the typical die (L = 8 mm D = 2.095 mm) and a zero die (L = 1.3 mm D = 2.095 mm) at two different loads (21.6 kg and 5 kg). A direct correlation was found between the MFI results and the bubble stability.
Erika Palacios-Aguilar , Leonardo Cortés-Rodríguez , Jaime Bonilla-Ríos, May 2008
Several HDPE resins with different bubble film stability were tested in a melt flow indexer using the typical die (L = 8 mm, D = 2.095 mm) and a zero die (L = 1.3 mm, D = 2.095 mm) at two different loads (21.6 kg and 5 kg). A direct correlation was found between the MFI results and the bubble stability.
Many injection molded part defects are caused by
improper screw designs. Elimination of the defect and
optimization of the process can often be performed via
simple modifications to the screw. A case study is
presented where a splay defect was caused by a screw with
a low compression ratio with regions where resin can
stagnate and degrade and with a limited melting capacity.
Modification of the screw eliminated the defects and
decreased the cycle time by 8% an improved the plant
capacity by 14%.
Many injection molded part defects are caused by improper screw designs. Elimination of the defect and optimization of the process can often be performed via simple modifications to the screw. A case study is presented where a splay defect was caused by a screw with a low compression ratio, with regions where resin can stagnate and degrade, and with a limited melting capacity.Modification of the screw eliminated the defects and decreased the cycle time by 8% an improved the plant capacity by 14%.
An engineering approach for the design of
plasticating screws is presented with a case study. The
approach uses a combination of experimental data and
numerical simulations.
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Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
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