SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
AN ENGINEERING APPROACH TO DESIGNING PLASTICATING SCREWS FOR SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUDERS
Mark A. Spalding , Gregory A. Campbell, May 2008
An engineering approach for the design of plasticating screws is presented with a case study. The approach uses a combination of experimental data and numerical simulations.
POLYCARBONATE HYDROLYSIS
Robert R. Gallucci, May 2008
The hydrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) is compared to polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). Phosphorus additives are shown to accelerate PC hydrolysis. Polycarbonate polyester (PEC) copolymers hydrolyze faster than PC however hydrolysis of the copolymer can be retarded by addition of a hydro stabilizer. Color clarity and mechanical properties are retained.
POLYCARBONATE HYDROLYSIS
Robert R. Gallucci, May 2008
The hydrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) is compared to polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). Phosphorus additives are shown to accelerate PC hydrolysis. Polycarbonate polyester (PEC) copolymers hydrolyze faster than PC, however hydrolysis of the copolymer can be retarded by addition of a hydro stabilizer. Color, clarity and mechanical properties are retained.
MORPHOLOGY STUDY FOR MICROCELLULAR INJECTION MOLDING
Jingyi Xu, May 2008
The morphology of microcellular injection molding is investigated for different materials at different processing conditions in current available equipments. Several morphology models are proposed based on this study. The conclusions provide the guidelines to select the best processing parameters for different materials to make the good morphology of microcellular foam by injection molding with the minimum material property changes.
MORPHOLOGY STUDY FOR MICROCELLULAR INJECTION MOLDING
Jingyi Xu, May 2008
The morphology of microcellular injection molding is investigated for different materials at different processing conditions in current available equipments. Several morphology models are proposed based on this study.The conclusions provide the guidelines to select the best processing parameters for different materials to make the good morphology of microcellular foam by injection molding with the minimum material property changes.
CAE SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON WARP OF AN INJECTION MOLDED PART
Shijun Ni, May 2008
The warpage of an injection molded part was predicted by CAE injection molding simulation software using mid-plane Fusion and true three-dimensional analyses. An Arburg 320S Allrounder 55 ton injection molding machine was used for producing parts. The part deformation was then measured on a CMM. The predicted part warpage among three mesh models was compared to the measurement of part deformation. It was found that the predicted part warp using the true threedimensional model was in a good agreement with the measurement of the part.
CAE SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON WARP OF AN INJECTION MOLDED PART
Shijun Ni, May 2008
The warpage of an injection molded part was predicted by CAE injection molding simulation software using mid-plane, Fusion and true three-dimensional analyses. An Arburg 320S Allrounder 55 ton injection molding machine was used for producing parts. The part deformation was then measured on a CMM. The predicted part warpage among three mesh models was compared to the measurement of part deformation. It was found that the predicted part warp using the true three-dimensional model was in a good agreement with the measurement of the part.
SCREW DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR BIOBASED POLYMERS
Edward Steward, May 2008
The family of biobased polymers is ever growing in number and in popularity and the extruder/screw manufacturing businesses need to keep abreast of the machinery requirements of these polymers to insure that efficient processing is understood. This paper will look at the extrusion parameters and logic that are important to determining the most efficient screw designs and extrusion operating conditions for processing biopolymers. Vented and non-vented operation will be discussed. PLA data will be used as the basis for the conclusions.
SCREW DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR BIOBASED POLYMERS
Edward Steward, May 2008
The family of biobased polymers is ever growing in number and in popularity and the extruder/screw manufacturing businesses need to keep abreast of the machinery requirements of these polymers to insure that efficient processing is understood. This paper will look at the extrusion parameters and logic that are important to determining the most efficient screw designs and extrusion operating conditions for processing biopolymers. Vented and non-vented operation will be discussed. PLA data will be used as the basis for the conclusions.
THE USE OF ANTISTATIC AGENTS IN INTERNAL LAYERS OF MULTILAYER FILM STRUCTURES
David J. Walsh , Andrew Smillie , Christina Troeltzsch, May 2008
When Entira™ antistatic agents are used in the internal layer of a multilayer film structure the measured surface resistivity will be higher than when it is used in a surface layer. However the static decay times of the film are unchanged and the film retains its antistatic properties as evidenced by for example its resistance to dust pick up. This is an attractive solution in applications which are hyper-sensitive to risk of contamination since the contact layer can be a pure polyolefin.
THE USE OF ANTISTATIC AGENTS IN INTERNAL LAYERS OF MULTILAYER FILM STRUCTURES
David J. Walsh , Andrew Smillie , Christina Troeltzsch, May 2008
When Entira antistatic agents are used in the internal layer of a multilayer film structure, the measured surface resistivity will be higher than when it is used in a surface layer. However the static decay times of the film are unchanged, and the film retains its antistatic properties as evidenced by, for example, its resistance to dust pick up. This is an attractive solution in applications which are hyper-sensitive to risk of contamination since the contact layer can be a pure polyolefin.
POLYOXYMETHYLENE (POM) FOR ROTATIONAL MOLDING APPLICATIONS
Michael J. Gehrig, May 2008
Polyoxymethylene (POM) commonlyreferred to as acetal or polyacetal wascommercially introduced to the rotationalmolding markets in 2006. This presentation willprovide an introduction to POM that includesfeatures and properties processing guidelines andmarket applications.
THE EFFECTS OF PLGA COMPOSITION ON MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOSCAFFOLDS
Linus Leung , Christine Chan , Soo Baek , Hani Naguib, May 2008
In this study bioscaffolds using poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) were studied. The gas foaming/ salt leaching technique in a batch setup was employed. The effects of material composition on the morphology and mechanical properties using this process were investigated. Characterization of scaffolds fabricated with PLGA 85/15 and 50/50 showed that lower relative density was achieved with an increasing poly(DL-lactide) acid content. Furthermore the effect of PLGA composition on modulus of the scaffolds was minor.
A COMPARISON OF BLOWN AND CAST HDPE FILM USING EXPANDABLE MICROSPHERE TECHNOLOGY
Sarah Schirmer , Christopher Thellen , Jo Ann Ratto, May 2008
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) blown and cast films were extruded with 0.5% 0.75% and 1.0% microspheres by weight comparing two different grades of microspheres using two different temperature profiles. All films were analyzed for oxygen and water vapor barrier as well as tensile properties. The blown film samples demonstrated significantly lower oxygen and water vapor permeation rates than the cast films as well as a higher Young’s modulus; however the cast films showed a higher toughness.
NOVEL SINGLE SCREW ELONGATIONAL COMPOUNDER FOR THERMALLY SENSITVE MATERIALS
Keith Luker, May 2008
At Antec 2007 a new single screw compounder(SSE) was introduced. The mixing elements along thescrew had axial flutes with elongational mixing (AFEM).In some process conditions such a mixer can also haveupstream axial flow with additional elongational anddistributive mixing. The Recirculator [1] hereafterAFEM demonstrated effective compounding ofimmiscible blends to 1 micron and particulate mixing tothe 500 nanometer scale. [2]
ACETAL ALLOYS FOR ROTATIONAL MOLDING APPLICATIONS
Michael J. Gehrig, May 2008
In 2007 two new acetal thermoplastic alloyshave been developed for rotational moldingapplications. These alloys provide the molderwith exceptional market opportunities as theyoffer the combined properties of the host andadditive resins. These materials are processorfriendly and moderately priced. This presentationwill provide an introduction to the new alloys processing guidelines and market opportunities.
ACETAL ALLOYS FOR ROTATIONAL MOLDING APPLICATIONS
Michael J. Gehrig, May 2008
In 2007, two new acetal thermoplastic alloys have been developed for rotational molding applications. These alloys provide the molder with exceptional market opportunities as they offer the combined properties of the host and additive resins. These materials are processor friendly and moderately priced. This presentation will provide an introduction to the new alloys, processing guidelines, and market opportunities.
DEVELOPMENT OF ION CONDUCTIVE POLYMER GELS WITH ADDITION OF IONIC LIQUID
Jiao Guo , Kyonsuku Min, May 2008
A new ion gel system consisting ofpolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate(BMIPF?ÿ6) was developed by in-situ free radical?ÿpolymerization in the presence of crosslinking agent. Iongels were prepared with respect to different weight ratioof MMA to IL. The ion gel films were transparent selfstandingand flexible and exhibit a high ambient ionicconductivity. Thermal analysis and the interactionbetween PMMA matrix and IL were also investigated.
THIN NANOCELLULAR PLASTIC SHEET WITH PATTERNED FOAMING
Junya Kojima , Tomoyuki Takada , Yoshiharu Nishikori , Hiroyasu Tachibana , Fumio Jinno, May 2008
A thin nanocellular plastic sheet with a designed foaming pattern which is difficult to prepare using the supercritical CO2 foaming method has been developed using a photochemical foaming technology. For this purpose a new acrylic polymer with t-butyl ester groups that produce the foaming gas by chemical reaction is introduced. With this technology foaming of the plastic can be controlled by ultraviolet irradiation and heating. A large-format nanocellular sheet can be manufactured in a continuous process.
THIN NANOCELLULAR PLASTIC SHEET WITH PATTERERNED FOAMING
Junya Kojima , Tomoyuki Takada , Yoshiharu Nishikori , Hiroyasu Tachibana , Fumio Jinno, May 2008
A thin nanocellular plastic sheet with a designed foaming pattern, which is difficult to prepare using the supercritical CO2 foaming method, has been developed using a photochemical foaming technology. For this purpose, a new acrylic polymer with t-butyl ester groups that produce the foaming gas by chemical reaction is introduced. With this technology, foaming of the plastic can be controlled by ultraviolet irradiation and heating. A large-format nanocellular sheet can be manufactured in a continuous process.
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