SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
Sustainable by Design: Introducing Recyclable Epoxy Hardener Technology
Thermosetting plastics used today are not recyclable simply because they were never designed to be in the first place. However there is nothing inherent about the design of the plastics that precludes them from being re-designed to be recyclable/reusable materials. A general overview of recyclable epoxy technology is presented including the underlying chemical principles that enable recyclable epoxy and recyclable carbon fiber composites.
Tailored Fiber Placement Technologies for Composite Applications
New software design tools and scaleable production technology allows automated tailored fiber placement (TFP) to be used for high-volume preform production. Tailoring the fiber orientation and fiber placement/distribution within the part enables better utilization of the fiber strength and therefore improves performance of the part. Various application examples and preform designs will be presented along with resulting benefits.
Nylon 66 Continuous Fiber Thermoplastics Composite – Evaluation of Processing Techniques for Optimal Performance
After evaluating mechanical properties of thermoplastics composite laminates constructed from unidirectional tape of nylon 66 / glass fiber system the author will present findings in preparing prepregs including the key factors that affect laminate quality and productivity such as resin weight glass size and “knottability” and “spreadability” of tow. Also discussed will be considerations in using these properties for a composite product design and pros and cons of two compression molding methods.
Screening of Natural Lightweight Fillers for Sheet Moulding Compound in North America
This presentation focuses on fillers that could be used for lightweight sheet moulding compound (SMC) applications. In particular a focus on the density of the particles will be made as well as the ecological factor of the use of by-products from biomass. Preliminary testing has been made on the processing of local (Ontario Canada) derived agricultural by-products to see if biomass in different forms could potentially be a suitable substitute for glass bubbles in low-mass SMC formulations.
Two-Component Polyurethane Adhesives having Novel Properties
PowerPoint Presentation at Automotive Composites Conference and Exhibition
PART B: Thermal and Rheological Design of Thermoset Molds
Modeling the behavior of short-fiber reinforced thermosets during the molding process remains one of the most difficult challenges for successful thermoset part design. This presentation covers examples of thermoset molding best practices and explains how advanced simulation techniques can help predict flow behavior and overcome issues frequently encountered with short-fiber thermoset molding. Factors considered include part geometry thermodynamics molding pressures and fiber orientation.
Integrated Anisotropic Simulation for Components Made from Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics
Accurately analyzing and predicting the mechanical behavior of components made from fiber-reinforced thermoplastics is complex because the fibers are individually oriented during injection molding. Finite-element analysis often uses isotropic material models. Results can be improved if local fiber orientations are considered with anisotropic material properties. This analysis process and a practical application are presented.
Orientational Order Induced by Carbon Fiber in Aromatic Thermosetting Copolyester Matrix
This presentation describes a new class of resin aromatic thermosetting copolyester (ATSP) which shows high temperature stability flame resistance and adhesive properties. Carbon fiber helps in stabilizing the nemetic phase in the liquid crystalline melt. The morphology of novel aromatic thermosetting copolyester in the presence of carbon fibers will be described and the presence of crystallinity which helps in improving the fracture toughness of these structures will be discussed.
Light Strong and Economical—Epoxy Fiber-Reinforced Structures for Automotive Mass Production
A family of new epoxy resin systems will be introduced that meet the requirements of automotive production and performance. Also an outlook will be given about what one can expect from a dedicated development partner and supplier.
Study on the Fiber Properties of a LFT Strand
A novel algorithm to measure fiber-length distribution was implemented. The fiber-orientation distribution within a long- fiber thermplastic (LFT) charge was measured using micro- computerized tomography (?-CT). Using a 3D numerical- simulation package Moldex3D the influence of the initial fiber orientation within an LFT strand was evaluated.
Recent Thermoplastic Composites for Automotive Applications
PowerPoint Presentation at Automotive Composites Conference and Exhibition
EXPANDING DESIGN OPTIONS FOR LONG FIBER THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES
A methodology for the rapid adoption of long-fiber thermoplastic (LFT) composites in the industry is outlined. Examples of recent metal-to-composite conversions are given to illustrate the innovation process.
Processing Technologies for the Manufacturing of Thermoplastic and Thermoset Composites Parts
Polymer composites are the key for lightweight construction and enable automotive producers to reduce fuel consumption and emissions and fulfill governmental requirements. Today processes and materials are available to produce polymer composites with an excellent balance of cost and performance. This tutorial will focus on processing technologies for the production of polymer- matrix composites. Advantages and challenges of the manufacturing of thermoplastic and thermoset composites parts will be highlighted.
Fiberglass Reinforcement Sizing 101
An introduction and general overview of the manufacture of fiberglass reinforcements is presented. Included is a general discussion of the role and components of the chemical coating on the glass fibers known as the sizing and why these chemicals are important to the manufacture and final properties of composites. This presentation explains what sizing is how it affects composite properties how it is applied to glass what classes of sizing chemicals are used and what each component does and why it is needed. The goal is to help the fiberglass industry educate customers and debunk the myth that all fiberglass is the same.
Ultrasonic Characterization of Fiber Reinforced Composites
Several industries such as automotive aerospace and sports are incorporating fiber-reinforced composites into their products due to the high strength to weight ratio of these materials. Unfortunately the final part’s characteristics depend greatly on the manufacturing process and a non- destructive testing procedure is required to inspect the final part. This study utilizes ultrasonic A-scan and C-scan techniques to ascertain the material properties of a carbon fiber-reinforced composite based on the orientation of each lamina.
A Short History of Automotive Composites
For 100 years plastics and composites have been vital to making vehicles lighter more durable and more efficient. But how well do you know their greatest milestones — and flops? Join veteran autowriter and SAE Magazines Senior Editor Lindsay Brooke as he turns on the way-back machine for a fun and surprising historical journey.
Design & Development of Precision Plastic Gear Transmissions
This presentation will provide a methodical and rational procedure for designing and developing high-precision injection-molded plastic gear transmissions that function satisfactorily across the entire range of manufacturing tolerances and operating conditions.
Direct Compounding—Insight and Results of the First Full-Scale Pilot Plant
The innovative Direct SMC process has reached a point where it can be introduced into industrial applications. This presentation gives an overview of the state of development of the process and will give an insight in the processing technology. Furthermore the full industrial scale process line will be shown as it is installed at the facilities of Fraunhofer ICT Germany.
INNOVATIVE POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE MATERIAL TAILORED FOR ROBOTIC MANIPULATED BLOW MOLDING
With the aid of a unique lab scale test a new polyphenylene sulfide material has been developed to enable the first-ever 3D robotic blow molding production. Data on melt viscosity development and details in the test method will be discussed.
Improvement in the Simulation of Injection Molded Short Glass Thermoplastic Composites
This paper presents simulation results for prediction of fiber orientation in a center-gated disk using Folgar Tucker model with Newtonian flow and experimentally measured orientation at the gate as an initial condition. A steady moving front with circular shape was included to capture the effects of the frontal flow on fiber orientation. Quadratic and invariant-based optimal fitting closures are also assessed in shear and planar extensional flows and compared with experimental evolution of fiber orientation.
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