SPE Library

The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.

The SPE Library is just one of the great benefits of being an SPE member! Are you taking advantage of all of your SPE Benefits?

Not an SPE member? Join today!

Use % to separate multiple keywords.

Search SPE Library

Conference Proceedings

ENZYMATICALLY AND CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ABACA FIBRE FOR PP COMPOSITES

Andrzej K. Bledzki , Abdullah A. Mamun , Karsten Erdmann , M. M. Huque, May 2010

Abaca fibre reinforced PP composites were prepared using a high speed mixer followed by injection moulding with 30% of fibre load. Prior to composite production, the fibre was modified by o- hydroxy benzene diazonium salts, synthetic and natural enzyme. The effect of modification of the fibre was assessed on the basis of moisture resistance, mechanical, thermal properties of the resulting composites. Coupling agent (PPMA 6452) has been used to increase the interaction between fibre and polymer matrix.

PLA COMPOSITES REINFORCED BY WHEAT AND RYE HUSK

Andrzej K. Bledzki , Abdullah A. Mamun , Adam Jaszkiewicza , Jürgen Volk, May 2010

PLA-composite materials were prepared by injection moulding process through high speed hot-cool melt compounding process with 40 wt% loads of husk. Chain extender (Joncryl ADR 4368) has been used during the melt mixer. To characterize the composites materials morphology mechanical (tensile flexural and charpy) thermal (crystallinity Tg and Tm) and rheological (melt flow rate viscosity) properties were studied and the properties were compared to soft wood fibre composite’s properties.

PLA COMPOSITES REINFORCED BY WHEAT AND RYE HUSK

Andrzej K. Bledzki , Abdullah A. Mamun , Adam Jaszkiewicza , Jürgen Volk, May 2010

PLA-composite materials were prepared by injection moulding process through high speed hot-cool melt compounding process with 40 wt% loads of husk.Chain extender (Joncryl ADR 4368) has been used during the melt mixer. To characterize the composites materials, morphology, mechanical (tensile, flexural and charpy) thermal (crystallinity, Tg and Tm) and rheological (melt flow rate, viscosity) properties were studied and the properties were compared to soft wood fibre compositeƒ??s properties.

NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN ULTRATHIN POLYMER FILMS: MEASUREMENT ON RECTANGULAR VS CIRCULAR BUBBLES

Wade DePolo, Ronald D. Moffitt, Frederick L. Beyer, James M. Sands, May 2010

Confinement effects on the mechanical properties of ultrathin polymer films were investigated by a bubble inflation technique developed in our lab. Prior studies of ultrathin films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and polystyrene (PS) were performed on circular bubbles of different diameters. Here we show early results of rectangular bubble measurements for PS thin films. Results are compared with those for the circular bubbles.

PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS FOR PLASTIC PROCESSORS RESULTING FROM A MODIFIED FORM OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE

Dr. Scott Wright , Brian Noble , Carlo Giubardo , Lisa Swain, May 2010

Titanium dioxide pigment (TiO2) is notoriously difficult to process due to its self-binding properties and dusty nature. It is possible for the form of the titanium dioxide to be modified to an easy-flow pigment. This modification allows for lower dust levels which improve the working environment, and offer process efficiencies which lead to lower conversion costs and more consistent quality.

TRENDS AND NEEDS IN AUTOMOTIVE MATCHED BY VARIOUS PLASTIC SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS

Bert Havenith, May 2010

An overview is given of the various drivers, needs and trends in the automotive industry and how these are matched by various new plastic solutions, which in the end all significantly increase the sustainability of various car components and of the cars in total.

ELECTRIFICATION OF HOT RUNNER SYSTEMS

Denis Babin , Hitesh Kaushal, May 2010

This paper overviews advancements in the electrification of valve gate actuation in Hot Runner systems for use in cleanroom environments. This paper offers a review of the existing technologies laying out the advantages and disadvantages of the various offerings in the market. It will also help the molders to choose the right application for cleanroom production.

ELECTRIFICATION OF HOT RUNNER SYSTEMS

Denis Babin , Hitesh Kaushal, May 2010

This paper overviews advancements in the electrification of valve gate actuation in Hot Runner systems for use in cleanroom environments. This paper offers a review of the existing technologies, laying out the advantages and disadvantages of the various offerings in the market. It will also help the molders to choose the right application for cleanroom production.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HEAT-SEALED PART IN ENVIRONMENTFRIENDLY FILM

Rei-ichi Konishi , Kazushi Yamada , Yasuo Hashimoto , Yew Wei Leong , Tetsuya Tsujii , Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010

Multi-layered laminated films are widely used as general packaging materials and thermal lamination is one of the environmentally friendly techniques since it does not involve solvents during lamination. The heat exerted during the heat- sealing process however could affect the lamination strength of these films. In this study we focused on the relationship between the results of pinhole test and the properties of heat sealed parts.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HEAT-SEALED PART IN ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY FILM

Rei-ichi Konishi , Kazushi Yamada , Yasuo Hashimoto , Yew Wei Leong , Tetsuya Tsujii , Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010

Multi-layered laminated films are widely used as general packaging materials and thermal lamination is one of the environmentally friendly techniques since it does not involve solvents during lamination. The heat exerted during the heat- sealing process, however, could affect the lamination strength of these films. In this study, we focused on the relationship between the results of pinhole test and the properties of heat sealed parts.

EVALUATION OF NATURAL FLAVONOIDS AS CROSSLINKING AGENTS FOR POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

Osamu Segawa, May 2010

Anthocyanins have been chosen as natural crosslinking agents for polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH). Tosylation of secondary hydroxyl functionality in PVOH was carried out with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of bases. The structures of the crosslinked PVOH and the crosslinking mechanism were established from their 1H NMR spectral. Hydroxyl contents in PVOH decreased due to the crosslinking of tosylated PVOH with anthocyanin. It was also found that crosslinking of PVOH by anthocyanin enhanced the mechanical properties of PVOH film.

LIGHT WEIGHT PET BOTTLES: A SIMULATION STUDY

Hossam M. Metwally, May 2010

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used resin in production of carbonated soft drinks bottles made by injection stretch blow molding (ISBM) process. Light weighting of the PET bottles has the potential to reduce the materials and manufacturing costs. This paper present a simulation study where performs of reduced weight are assessed in terms of the process viability and the product quality.

SIMULATION DRIVEN MEDICAL PACKAGE DEVELOPMENT

Hossam M. Metwally, May 2010

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the concept of “simulation driven package development”. The concept involves not only simulating the structural behavior of the medical package (e.g. under top loading) but also predicting the package material distribution due to the manufacturing process conditions and tying that to the structural analysis. The structural analysis will thus take the more physical and usually non-uniform part material thickness distribution into consideration. The concept is highlighted through a case study.

NEW FUNCTIONS OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER BASED SANDWICH INJECTION MOLDINGS

I. Nishi , S. Matsubara , Y. W. Leong , H. Hamada , A. Goto, May 2010

Damping materials such as thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) usually has very low stiffness and easily deformable hence they are unsuitable for structural applications. This paper focuses on using sandwich injection molding technology to produce parts consisting PP skin and TPE core to impart high surface rigidity while maintaining dampening efficiency. Correlation between skin-core adhesion and flexural and damping properties of the moldings are discussed.

NEW FUNCTIONS OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER BASED SANDWICH INJECTION MOLDINGS

I. Nishi , S. Matsubara , Y. W. Leong , H. Hamada , A. Goto, May 2010

Damping materials such as thermoplastic elastomer(TPE) usually has very low stiffness and easilydeformable, hence they are unsuitable for structuralapplications. This paper focuses on using sandwichinjection molding technology to produce parts consistingPP skin and TPE core to impart high surface rigiditywhile maintaining dampening efficiency. Correlationbetween skin-core adhesion and flexural and dampingproperties of the moldings are discussed.

DETERMINATION OF MATERIAL PROPERTY CHANGES DUE TO COMBINING FLOW FRONTS

Jared Spaniol , Andrew Koleck , Brian Young, May 2010

It is a popular belief that when two plastic flow fronts converge, they merge, forming one single parabolic pressure-driven flow front. This is a common misconception; because plastic flow is laminar, these flow fronts should remain separate and maintain two individual parallel parabolic flow fronts. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect on part properties caused by increased orientation due to maintaining parallel flow fronts.

A STUDY OF THE MOLD THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COOLING LINES IN CONVENTIONAL AND RAPID TOOLING

Jonathan Meckley , Robert Edwards, May 2010

This project examines the thermal differences between conventional and conformal cooling lines.?ÿ Three sets of inserts were built for this study.?ÿ A P20 insert was built and used to compare the other two rapid tooling inserts.?ÿ One rapid tooling insert had the same conventional cooling lines as the P20 insert.?ÿ The other rapid tooling insert had conformal cooling lines.?ÿ Mold temperatures were recorded and compared.?ÿ The conformal inserts had the lowest mold temperatures.

OPTIMAL PIGMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR NEAR INFRARED REFLECTING PIGMENTS

N. Kunimune, S. Tamada, T. NagasawA, Y. Makata, Y.W.Leong, H. Hamada, May 2010

Pigments are basically used to impart color. But the reflection of Near Infrared Radiation (NIR) is a requirement of modern pigments that gains particular importance for a multitude of uses. This paper reports about smart ways to formulate with this class of pigments. The main objective in this context is the enhancement of coloristic and NIR-reflective properties in typical plastics applications.

DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERIC THERMOTROPIC MATERIALS FOR OVERHEATING PROTECTION OF SOLAR COLLECTORS

Johannes Loebel, Sami Schehata, Steven Goldstein, May 2010

Within this paper the effect of material formulation on the light-shielding performance of thermotropic glazings for overheating protection purposes is addressed. Specific focus is given to the establishment of relationships between glazing morphology and the light-shielding properties. Some major routes for further research and material optimization are deduced.

3D FEM ANALYSIS OF A WAVE TYPE SCREW CHANNEL

John Perdikoulias , Jiri Svabik , Tim Womer, May 2010

The paper presents an exploratory fundamental study of the polymer flow within a “wave” type screw channel. The analysis is performed on an “unwrapped” form of a conventional screw channel and a “wave” type channel of similar size. A 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation was used to simulate the flow field and flow characteristics of the wave channel are compared relative to the plain channel.