SPE Library

The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.

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Conference Proceedings

PREPARATION OF REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITE VIA SMART PELLET ADDITIVES

Nicole Hoekstra, Edward Lao, May 2010

A commercially available inorganic fiber product Hyperform HPR-803 was introduced into films with both polypropylene (PP) and polysulfone (PSF). These fiber-filled multilayer products were then added to PP resins and injection molded. This methodology allowed for high glass transition temperature PSF to be injection molded at 175oC. The morphology behaviors of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by performing tensile, flexural, and impact strength tests.

ENGINEERING SOLID SOLUTION PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TO ENABLE PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

Walter Michaeli, Andreas Neuss, May 2010

The use of a common solid solution intermediate to support multiple pharmaceutical product applications is demonstrated with particular emphasis on the physical particle attributes required for success. Design of suspensions, tablets, and injection molded products from spray dried or extruded solid solutions is described together with illustrative preclinical pharmacokinetic profiles.

RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE

O. Y. Alothman, May 2010

The behavior of melt flow of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate was studied using a capillary rheometer. The true flow curves were obtained by applying the Bagley correction into the apparent flow curves. It was found that EVA follows the typical pseudoplastic behavior with power indices within the range of polyethyleneƒ??s power indices. Moreover, end pressure losses were estimated.

PROCESSING AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF JUTE FABRIC REINFORCED SMC MOLDINGS

Makoto Sarata , Masaharu Nishiura , Yuya Hidekuma , Masanori Okano , Asami Nakai , Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010

Recent earth environmental concern requires easy recycle material system and the use of biodegradable polymer and natural fiber is noticed in composite materials. In this study jute cloth reinforced SMC was fabricated. And the effect of water included in jute cloth was investigated by bending impact and tensile testing. As a result it was revealed that the dry processing was very important to apply natural fiber for composite materials.

Processing and Mechanical Properties of Jute Fabric Reinforced SMC Moldings

Makoto Sarata , Masaharu Nishiura , Yuya Hidekuma , Masanori Okano , Asami Nakai , Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010

Recent earth environmental concern requires easy recycle material system, and the use of biodegradable polymer and natural fiber is noticed in composite materials. In this study, jute cloth reinforced SMC was fabricated. And the effect of water included in jute cloth was investigated by bending, impact and tensile testing. As a result, it was revealed that the dry processing was very important to apply natural fiber for composite materials.

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE IONOMERS

Masaharu Nishiura, Makoto Sarata, Yuya Hidekuma, Masanori Okano, Asami Nakai, Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010

The rheological behavior of the alkali metal salts of oligomeric (Mw = 4 kg/mol) sulfonated polystyrene ionomers (SPS) was characterized using dynamic and steady shear measurements. Sulfonation increased the melt viscosity of the PS, by as much as 4 orders of magnitude, and the zero shear viscosity scaled with the Coulombic strength of the cation Although Mw was below the entanglement molecular weight, the ionomer melts exhibited strong elastic behavior.

SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE DISPERSION WITH ELECTROSTATICALLY TETHERED NANOPLATELETS

Ivan D. Lopez, Sven Hoffmann, Al Bednar, Tim A. Osswald, May 2010

We report an exceptionally effective method for physically pulling nanotube bundles apart by utilizing electrostatically tethered nanoplatelets to gather and concentrate sonication energy at the surface of nanotube aggregates. Following dispersion, the nanoplatelets can be separated from the nanotubes by tuning the ionic strength of the medium. This colloidal approach obviates the need to drastically modify nanotube surface chemistry to achieve full exfoliation, thereby preserving their intrinsic properties.

FILLING SIMULATION AND TEMPERATURE PREDICTION IN HOT RUNNER SYSTEMS

Ivan D. Lopez , Sven Hoffmann , Al Bednar , Tim A. Osswald, May 2010

A simulation based on the Radial Functions Method was implemented to estimate temperature and flow in hot runner systems during the mold filling process of a discshaped mold cavity. The simulation predicts temperature developments inside the hot runner and its effects on the temperature distribution inside the cavity. Filling cycles were repeated until the system reached steady state condition.

THE USE OF BETA NUCLEATION TO IMPROVE THE IMPACT STRENGTH AND REDUCE THE WARPAGE OF POLYPROPYLENE CAPS & CLOSURES

Philip Jacoby, May 2010

We have developed a unique masterbatch that can be used to produce polypropylene caps and closures containing the beta crystalline phase of PP. These caps exhibit dramatically improved impact strength without a significant loss of other desirable physical properties. Another benefit of beta-nucleated closures is improved dimensional stability and reduced warpage. The masterbatch can be added during molding of the closures by blending pellets of the masterbatch with that of the PP resin and no pre-compounding is required.

THE USE OF BETA NUCLEATION TO IMPROVE THE IMPACT STRENGTH AND REDUCE THE WARPAGE OF POLYPROPYLENE CAPS & CLOSURES

Philip Jacoby, May 2010

SUDDEN FAILURE OF FINAL GRP PRODUCTS

Eric D. Bowersox, May 2010

Experience of application of chimney liner, process pipes, ducts, scrubbers, and other kinds of equipment demonstrates that under operating conditions their failure can occur. Failure occurs because of formation of cracks in chemically resistant layer of GRP multilayered structure. The structural and technological factors causing the failure of final GRP products are considered.

UNDERSTANDING THE ASTM METHOD FOR HEAT BUILD-UP

Steven Goldstein, May 2010

In reviewing the ASTM method for heat build-up one is curious as to the robustness of the method. The test method is designed for PVC only.

UNDERSTANDING THE ASTM METHOD FOR HEAT BUILD-UP

Steven Goldstein , Chris Valovic , Mark Gall, May 2010

In reviewing the ASTM method for heat build-up one is curious as to the robustness of the method. The test method is designed for PVC only.

ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSIS OF THE VIBRATION BEHAVIOR OF SCREWS IN A SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDER

Zhigang Sun , Leszek A. Utracki, May 2010

Ultrasonic diagnostic method of screw behavior during extrusion has been designed, developed, and evaluated for a single screw extruder. It was found that under the same processing conditions and depending on the past history of the equipment usage, the vibration behavior of screws in the inspected processing equipment could vary noticeably and the vibration pattern repeated itself at every two screw revolutions. Results suggest that the vibration behavior of the screw is dictated by how the screw is engaged in and the status of the gearbox.

BREAKTHROUGH INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN DIE DESIGN FOR POLYMER PROCESSING

Joseph Dooley , Gary Oliver , Karen Xiao, May 2010

After a polymer has been converted from a solid to amolten state, it must be processed into a final shape tohave value to a customer. This final shape may be apellet, a film, a sheet, a profile, or many other finalgeometries. This paper will discuss some of thebreakthrough inventions and innovations in die design thatare used to produce this vast array of final polymerproduct shapes.

IMPACT RESISTANCE AND RAMAN CHARACTERIZATION OF Al2O3/ZnO POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) NANOCOMPOSITES

Wantinee Viratyaporn , Richard L. Lehman, May 2010

In the present work, composites comprised of oxide nanoparticles in a PMMA matrix were studied and the Raman shifts associated with the interfacial moieties were identified and correlated with possible structures.The potential effects of these structural perturbations on composite properties are considered.

A ONE-STEP EXTRUSION PROCESS FOR PREPARING POLYOLEFIN/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES USING SODIUM MONTMORILLONITE

Benjamin F. Ports , R. A. Weiss, May 2010

Polyolefin/clay nanocomposites were fabricated by directly melt compounding polyethylene with sodium montmorillonite a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) ionomer compatibilizer and a quaternary ammonium salt in a simple one-step extrusion process. The effects of processing conditions salt structure and concentration on the clay dispersion morphology and mechanical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction transmission electron microscopy and mechanical testing.

A ONE-STEP EXTRUSION PROCESS FOR PREPARING POLYOLEFIN/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES USING SODIUM MONTMORILLONITE

Benjamin F. Ports , R. A. Weiss, May 2010

Polyolefin/clay nanocomposites were fabricated by directly melt compounding polyethylene with sodium montmorillonite, a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) ionomer compatibilizer and a quaternary ammonium salt in a simple one-step extrusion process. The effects of processing conditions, salt structure and concentration on the clay dispersion, morphology and mechanical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and mechanical testing.

PART WEIGHT CONTROL VIA MODEL FREE OPTIMIZATION FOR INJECTION MOLDING

Xiangsong Kong , Xi Chen , Zhijiang Shao, May 2010

Quality requirements of injection molding parts have become more and more stringent. Part weight is one of the most important quality characteristics. A model free optimization method based on the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) method is presented for the weight control of injection molded parts. The experimental results using different materials show that this model free optimization method is effective for the part weight control.

PART WEIGHT CONTROL VIA MODEL FREE OPTIMIZATION FOR INJECTION MOLDING

Xiangsong Kong , Xi Chen , Zhijiang Shao, May 2010

Quality requirements of injection molding parts have become more and more stringent. Part weight is one of the most important quality characteristics. A model free optimization method based on the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) method is presented for the weight control of injection molded parts.The experimental results using different materials show that this model free optimization method is effective for the part weight control.