SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
DETERMINATION OF MATERIAL PROPERTY CHANGES DUE TO COMBINING FLOW FRONTS
Jared Spaniol , Andrew Koleck , Brian Young, May 2010
It is a popular belief that when two plastic flow fronts converge, they merge, forming one single parabolic pressure-driven flow front. This is a common misconception; because plastic flow is laminar, these flow fronts should remain separate and maintain two individual parallel parabolic flow fronts. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect on part properties caused by increased orientation due to maintaining parallel flow fronts.
A STUDY OF THE MOLD THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COOLING LINES IN CONVENTIONAL AND RAPID TOOLING
Jonathan Meckley , Robert Edwards, May 2010
This project examines the thermal differences between conventional and conformal cooling lines.?ÿ Three sets of inserts were built for this study.?ÿ A P20 insert was built and used to compare the other two rapid tooling inserts.?ÿ One rapid tooling insert had the same conventional cooling lines as the P20 insert.?ÿ The other rapid tooling insert had conformal cooling lines.?ÿ Mold temperatures were recorded and compared.?ÿ The conformal inserts had the lowest mold temperatures.
OPTIMAL PIGMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR NEAR INFRARED REFLECTING PIGMENTS
N. Kunimune, S. Tamada, T. NagasawA, Y. Makata, Y.W.Leong, H. Hamada, May 2010
Pigments are basically used to impart color. But the reflection of Near Infrared Radiation (NIR) is a requirement of modern pigments that gains particular importance for a multitude of uses. This paper reports about smart ways to formulate with this class of pigments. The main objective in this context is the enhancement of coloristic and NIR-reflective properties in typical plastics applications.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERIC THERMOTROPIC MATERIALS FOR OVERHEATING PROTECTION OF SOLAR COLLECTORS
Johannes Loebel, Sami Schehata, Steven Goldstein, May 2010
Within this paper the effect of material formulation on the light-shielding performance of thermotropic glazings for overheating protection purposes is addressed. Specific focus is given to the establishment of relationships between glazing morphology and the light-shielding properties. Some major routes for further research and material optimization are deduced.
3D FEM ANALYSIS OF A WAVE TYPE SCREW CHANNEL
John Perdikoulias , Jiri Svabik , Tim Womer, May 2010
The paper presents an exploratory fundamental study of the polymer flow within a “wave” type screw channel. The analysis is performed on an “unwrapped” form of a conventional screw channel and a “wave” type channel of similar size. A 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation was used to simulate the flow field and flow characteristics of the wave channel are compared relative to the plain channel.
3D FEM ANALYSIS OF A WAVE TYPE SCREW CHANNEL
John Perdikoulias , Jiri Svabik , Tim Womer, May 2010
The paper presents an exploratory, fundamental study of the polymer flow within a wave" type screw channel. The analysis is performed on an "unwrapped" form of a conventional screw channel and a "wave" type channel of similar size. A 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation was used to simulate the flow field and flow characteristics of the wave channel are compared relative to the plain channel."
IMPROVEMENT OF INTRINSIC VISCOSITY OF RECYCLED PET BY RADIO FREQUENCY HEATING
Minoru Ogasahara , Manabu Shidou , Shigeru Nagata, May 2010
The improvement of Intrinsic Viscosity of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)(R-PET) pellets by an industrial radio frequency(RF) heating is described. RPET pellets are made from post-consumer PET bottles, degraded by hydrolysis during distribution process. Hence, intrinsic viscosity(IV) or molecular weight of RPET exhibits significant lower compared to virgin PET, caused from cleavages of chains. This study evaluates the feasibility of RF Heat Treatment to improve the intrinsic viscosity of the material.
IMPROVED DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF THERMOFORMED POLYLACTIC ACID ARTICLES
Julius Uradnisheck, May 2010
The shrinkage of thermoformed articles of polylactic acid are studied as a function of amount of modifier and dwell time in heated molds. Shrinkage is minimized by longer dwell times. Higher crystallinity causes lower shrinkage. Crystallinity in a thermoformed article dwelling in the heated mold is shown to rise to a higher level that predicted from laboratory tests due to supplemental crystallinity generated in the pre-heat step and forming or stretching step.
IMPROVED DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF THERMOFORMED POLYLACTIC ACID ARTICLES
Julius Uradnisheck, May 2010
The shrinkage of thermoformed articles of polylactic acid are studied as a function of amount of modifier and dwell time in heated molds. Shrinkage is minimized by longer dwell times. Higher crystallinity causes lower shrinkage. Crystallinity in a thermoformed article dwelling in the heated mold is shown to rise to a higher level that predicted from laboratory tests due to supplemental crystallinity generated in the pre-heat step and forming or stretching step.
SIGNIFICANT ACCELERATION OF A UV-CURED COATING
John Spevacek, May 2010
Except for rare cases, increased cure speed of a UV-cured coating is greatly desirable. Our client approached us with a thiol-ene floor coating plagued with an excessively slow curing rate (9 cm/sec) and desired a 10x improvement. A wide range of process and reactant changes were explored but to little avail. Success was ultimately achieved when an alternate ene monomer was chosen despite literature references that indicated the monomer would instead decrease the reaction rate.
DECORATING METHODS FOR INJECTION MOLDED PARTS
Ronald D. Moffitt, Sandeep Vennam, Bhyrav Mutnuri, Wade DePolo, May 2010
This paper will discuss various decorating methods for injection molded parts, including industry wide definitions, descriptions and a comparison of the various methods. It will cover basic process descriptions, definitions, advantages of each, and their relationship to part design and end usage. How do I select the decorating method most suitable for my part?
LASER MARKING DAY/NIGHT PLASTICS
Jake Wieloch, May 2010
Day/Night applications surround us! Take a look around you they are in our cars trucks airplanes cell phones and the list goes on. The potential for this type of application is huge and laser marking is helping move it forward. Today's laser technology is helping to enhance and expand the field of day/night marking.
LASER MARKING DAY/NIGHT PLASTICS
Jake Wieloch ?, May 2010
The combination of advance controls, diode technology, and specially ground lenses mean high-quality, high-readability in Day/Night Components.
FLAME RETARDANCE OF ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE-LAYER DOUBLE HYDROXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES
Sunny M. Ogbomo , Divya Kosuri , Nandika A. D’Souza, May 2010
Flame retardant layer double hydroxide (LDH) Zn2Al(OH)6PTS/Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending. The morphology and flammability properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UL-94 test. XRD shows the microstructure of the composites with appearance of intercalation and exfoliation. The UL-94 test results shows that the LDH is an unprecedented flame retardant with improved flame extinction properties.
ACCELERATED AGING BEHAVIOR OF A RUBBER TOUGHENED ACRYLIC COPOLYMER AFTER GAMMA IRRADIATION
Dirk L. Pletcher, May 2010
The material property changes of an acrylic multipolymer after gamma irradiation are determined with respect to time and temperature. Empirical models are developed using a design of experiments approach. The effects of thermoforming on the aging behavior are examined. Experimental variables include irradiation dose level, aging temperature, and aging time. The models developed are used in conjunction with real time ambient temperature aging to derive Q10 factors for the material as defined in ASTM F1980.
ACCELERATED AGING OF POLY(P-PHENYLENE-2,6-BENZOBISOXAZOLE) FILAMENTS
Wolfgang Abele, Yukihito Ozaki, Takeshi Chiba, Kazunori Saegusa, May 2010
Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fiber is a high performance fiber. Unfortunately, the fiber reportedly degrades rapidly when exposed to moisture and heat. The objective was to perform accelerated aging of PBO filaments that would potentially lead to the development of an improved process to improve the mechanical properties of PBO fibers when exposed to moisture and heat. Results indicated the need to perform additional aging on rovings due to the large standard deviations of the filament data.
A NECESSARY STEP- SEPARATING THE SPECTRAL BANDPASS CORRECTION FROM TRISTIMULUS INTEGRATION
Hugh S. Fairman, Jack A. Ladson, May 2010
Current industry practices are examined with respect to the methods used for spectral bandpass correction. The variants in methodology are reviewed and the methods that will lead to every person knowing whether or not his spectra have been corrected are recommended. That will facilitate the user knowing what Tables are to be used to integrate the spectra. Methods of implementing the bandpass correction both algebraically and by matrix multiplication are related.
A BRIGHT FUTURE ' SINGLE PLY THERMOPLASTIC POLYOLEFIN ROOFING
Li-Ying T. Yang , Linlin Xing , Thomas Taylor, May 2010
Single ply thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) has been the fastest growing commercial roofing membrane in the last decade due to its superior weatherability, heat-welded seam integrity, energy savings, and safe and easy installation. In 2008, TPO installed roofing systems exceeded EPDM and became the largest single ply roofing market segment. This paper discusses the heat-welded seaming, fire retardancy and UV stability of TPO roofing.
OPTIONS FOR IMPARTING MELT STRENGTH INTO OLEFIN BLOCK COPOLYMERS
Kate R Hollabaugh, Ashish Batra, Laura Weaver, May 2010
Applications such as profile extrusion, blow molding and thermoforming require polymers that have high melt strength. This paper will discuss two modification strategies to enhance the melt strength of olefin block copolymers for use in profile extrusion and thermoforming. The effects of modification type and level of modification are explored and compared. Implications of modified microstructure on the mechanical properties of formulated compounds based on the modified elastomers will also be discussed.
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