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The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.

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Conference Proceedings

THERMAL AGEING OF CROSSLINKED ETHYLENE-VINYL SILANE COPOLYMERS
Miroslav Pastorek , Roman ?ermák , Jana Navrátilová , Martin Obadal, May 2010

This paper investigates the behavior and property evolution of silane crosslinked polyethylene upon thermal ageing. The work is focused mainly on morphological, mechanical property and chemical changes in crosslinked and subsequently aged material.The changes in polymer were followed by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and standard tensile testing.

THE EFFECT OF LDPE CONTENT ON HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) FILMS FOR STRETCHED FILM TAPES
F. Lahuerta , P. Orr , M. Leathem , S. Robinson, May 2010

A range of blown films were prepared by extruding blends of a commercial HDPE with two separate LDPEs with different densities. Narrow tapes of the films were then stretched at draw ratios of between 1:6 and 1:8 at elevated temperatures. The mechanical morphological and tensile recovery characteristics before and after drawing were investigated in order to determine optimum blend composition and drawing conditions for a range of polyolefin stretched tape applications.

NANOMECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS IN ULTRATHIN POLYMER FILMS: RECTANGULAR BUBBLE" INFLATION MEASUREMENTS"
Shanhong Xu , Paul A. O’Connell , Gregory B. McKenna, May 2010

Confinement effects on the mechanical properties of ultrathin polymer films (<100 nm) were investigated by a novel bubble inflation technique developed in our lab.Circular bubbles of different diameter were used in prior studies of ultrathin films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and polystyrene (PS). Here we show early results from using a rectangular bubble geometry for measurements performed with ultrathin PVAc films. Results are compared with those for the circular bubbles.

IMPROVEMENT OF INTRINSIC VISCOSITY OF RECYCLED PET BY RADIO FREQUENCY HEATING
Maxime Ricbourg, Jean-Pierre Habas, Pascal Pignolet, May 2010

The improvement of Intrinsic Viscosity of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)(R-PET) pellets by an industrial radio frequency(RF) heating is described. RPET pellets are made from post-consumer PET bottles, degraded by hydrolysis during distribution process. Hence, intrinsic viscosity(IV) or molecular weight of RPET exhibits significant lower compared to virgin PET, caused from cleavages of chains. This study indicates thermal recycling method of solid phase polymerization to improve the IV values, namely molecular weight of RPET pellets.

VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES AND ROTATIONAL MOLDABILITIES OF POLYOLEFINIC MATERIALS
Sergey Lapshin, Sarat K. Swain, Avraam. I. Isayev, May 2010

We set up a uniaxial roto-molding system with a glass vessel to be able to directly observe the rolling motion of sample particles during roto-molding process in which adherence behavior of EMMA and LLDPE powders is investigated in-situ during molding. The adherence of powders on the glass vessel started above the relaxation temperature of crystalline phases. It was found that materials with a various types of morphology can be prepared by controlling temperature profile of roto-molding process.

SULFONATED STYRENIC PENTABLOCK COPOLYMER MEMBRANES FOR HIGH WATER TRANSPORT RATE APPLICATIONS
John Flood , Donn Dubois , Carl Willis , Robert Bening, May 2010

Recently Handlin 1 2. reported on a new type of sulfonated block copolymer. These new sulfonated block copolymer structures have been designed to have continuous ionic domains and retain strength when fully hydrated. This paper is a continuation of their work. A more detailed explanation of the polymer will be provided along with characterization of the polymer morphology mechanical performance and transport properties.

SULFONATED STYRENIC PENTABLOCK COPOLYMER MEMBRANES FOR HIGH WATER TRANSPORT RATE APPLICATIONS
John Flood , Donn Dubois , Carl Willis , Robert Bening, May 2010

Recently Handlin reported on a new type of sulfonated block copolymer. These new sulfonated block copolymer structures have been designed to have continuous ionic domains and retain strength when fully hydrated. This paper is a continuation of their work. A more detailed explanation of the polymer will be provided along with characterization of the polymer morphology, mechanical performance, and transport properties.

REDUCING CYCLE TIMES & COSTS BY SIMPLIFYING MOLD DESIGNS USING COLLAPSIBLE CORE & EXPANDABLE CAVITY TECHNOLOGY
Alan Hickok, May 2010

Today there are cost-effective alternatives to traditional rack & gear systems for molding threaded parts. Molders can also benefit from cycle times reduced by as much as 15% – 20% percent. Through the use of side by side comparisons and case studies these benefits as well as design simplification and cleaner less complicated maintenance will be shown. More profitable avenues for molders can be realized by calculating the savings between old and new approaches to unscrewing applications.

REDUCING CYCLE TIMES & COSTS BY SIMPLIFYING MOLD DESIGNS USING COLLAPSIBLE CORE & EXPANDABLE CAVITY TECHNOLOGY
Alan Hickok, May 2010

Today there are cost-effective alternatives to traditional rack & gear systems for molding threaded parts.Molders can also benefit from cycle times reduced by as much as 15% ƒ?? 20% percent. Through the use of side by side comparisons and case studies, these benefits, as well as design simplification and cleaner, less complicated maintenance, will be shown. More profitable avenues for molders can be realized by calculating the savings between old and new approaches to unscrewing applications.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF INTERFACIAL INSTABILITIES IN COEXTRUSION FEED-BLOCK DIES
D.S. Langhe, A. Hiltner, E. Baer, May 2010

In this work, wave type of interfacial instabilities occurring during the coextrusion process have been investigated by using different feedblock geometries and polymers. It has been found that the onset of interfacial instabilities can be captured by the quantification of the stretching discontinuity occurring on the interface between different polymers.

PREDICTION ON THE WARPAGE OF INJECTION MOLDED GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS WITH COMPOSITE MECHANICS
P. Gutmann, D.S. Bangarusampath, V. Altstädt, H. Schmalz, A.H.E. Müller, May 2010

Based on the microstructure characteristics of injection molded short fiber reinforced polymers, a model was developed to predict the warpage. Multiscale composite mechanics was used to describe the materials properties during the processing. A shin shell element composed improved Allman membrane element and discrete Kirchhoff bending element was put forward to calculate the warpage of injection molded products. The results of prediction were compared with experimental results.

INFLUENCE OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE FOAMING BEHAVIOR OF AN IMMISCIBLE BLEND
P. Gutmann , D.S. Bangarusampath , V. Altstädt , H. Ruckdäschel , H. Schmalz , A.H.E. Müller, May 2010

The foaming behavior of immiscible blends is affected by many factors as the morphology or the viscosity ratio. To investigate the influence of the microstructure on the foaming behavior of an immiscible blend the morphology of a blend was systematically changed by varying the phase content. The blends were foamed using a batch-foaming process and the achieved foam structures were correlated to the blend morphology and the properties of the blend phases.

APPLIED RHEOLOGY FOR HDPE DIE DROOL PHENOMENON
Siqiang Zhu, Rahul Rasal, Douglas Hirt, May 2010

In this work, two different HDPEs were investigated from rheological as well as die drool phenomenon point of view. It has been revealed that long-chain branching and low polymer melt elasticity significantly reduce die drool phenomena at the die exit region.

3D SIMULATION OF THE FLUTED MIXER ELEMENT BEHAVIOR
Pradip Paik, Kamal K Kar, May 2010

One of the most important, yet problematic, issues in the extrusion process is achieving good mixing. Considerable prior efforts have been made to understand different types of mixing elements for single-screw and twin-screw extrusion. However, there is still a lack of good process values or criteria that can be used for design purposes. The focus of this work is to better quantify the mixing behavior, using 3D FEM analysis, to develop some design criteria. This study will focus on the fluted mixer, comparing common design variations and the effect of material viscosity and process conditions.

CONICAL COUNTER-ROTATING TWIN SCREW EXTRUDER DESIGNS FOR NON-PVC APPLICATIONS
Lei Xie, Gerhard Ziegmann, May 2010

Conical counter-rotating twin screw extruders have traditionally been used for PVC profile extrusion. With adjustments to screw configuration and barrel design, the counter rotating twin screw extruder can process other resins as well. Process advantages such as lower discharge temperature and residence time control can be realized as compared to other extrusion devices such as single screw extruders.

IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE BY CRYOGENIC MIXING WITH MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
Sahil Gupta, Erin Camponeschi, Ellen Kloppenborg, David C. Venerus, Jay D. Schieber, May 2010

Cryogenic ball-milling process was used to produce Polyethylene/CNT nanocomposites; containing 1wt% of Multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Through tensile testing an increase of up to 28% in elastic modulus was observed with respect to the matrix. The morphology of the nanocomposite, and the degree of dispersion of the MWCNTs were studied using SEM and light transmission microscopy. Both MWCNT ropes and aggregates were observed; also wetting of the nanotubes by the matrix was evidenced.

STUDY OF OPTIMAL THERMAL DISTRIBUTION DESIGN FOR MANIFOLD HEATER
Mike Barnstead, Frank Wagner, May 2010

A uniform heat distribution in the manifold temperature is a key factor in a successful hot runner system. In this study, a CAE software simulation was used to help visualize the design of the adapter placed on the cartridge heater and working on the manifold as the interface of the heat source. Using the CAE simulation, we determined the optimal thermal distribution by designing a grooved adapter to handle the heat flow orientation.

CONSIDERATIONS FOR PRODUCING HIGH QUALITY PLATED PLASTIC COMPONENTS
Mike Barnstead , Frank Wagner, May 2010

The plating of plastic components for use on automobiles and other items is increasing due to the cost and the many desirable properties of the plated plastic component such as weight reduction. The goal of this paper is to examine the process cycle of preparing plastic components prior to plating as well as design molding and racking concerns specific to electroplating.

CONSIDERATIONS FOR PRODUCING HIGH QUALITY PLATED PLASTIC COMPONENTS
Mike Barnstead , Frank Wagner, May 2010

The plating of plastic components for use on automobiles and other items is increasing due to the cost and the many desirable properties of the plated plastic component, such as weight reduction. The goal of this paper is to examine the process cycle of preparing plastic components prior to plating, as well as design, molding and racking concerns specific to electroplating.

DETERMINATION OF VALID MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF DDENT SPECIMENS TO EVALUATE THE ESSENTIAL WORK OF FRACTURE (EWF) OF POLYETHYLENES
Mariselis Trujillo , Karina G. Izquierdo , Johan J. Sánchez , Alejandro J. Müller, May 2010

We studied how the dimensions of test specimens affect EWF results. One grade of commercial HDPE was evaluated. We demonstrate that reductions of 20 to 30% of conventional dimensions used for DDENT geometry allow reproducible and valid results, similar to those obtained with larger specimens. Results show that it is not possible to reduce dimensions more than 30% and still comply with geometric validations related to EWF.










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