SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
FLAMMABILITY OF FR-PP BASED SANDWICH INJECTION MOLDINGS
Makoto Seino , Manabu Nomura , Masaya Kotaki, May 2010
Flammability of flame retardant polypropylene (FR-PP) based sandwich injection moldings was investigated. Flame-retardant and filler were intentionally incorporated in the skin and the core parts of sandwich injection moldings. Sandwich injection moldings showed superior flame retardancy and mechanical properties when high contents of flame-retardant and filler were incorporated in the skin and the core parts, respectively. This trend was remarkable when phosphorous flame-retardant (Intumescent) was used compared to bromine flame-retardant.
IMPROVEMENT IN SURFACE QUALITY OF MICROCELLULAR INJECTION MOLDED PARTS
Jungjoo Lee , Lih-Sheng Turng, May 2010
Microcellular injection molding has many advantages such as cost savings reduced cycle times and excellent shrinkage properties. However surface defects on the microcellular injection molded parts—such as gas-flow swirl marks and a lack of smoothness—still remain a challenge. This paper describes a method to improve the surface quality of microcellular injection molded parts.
IMPROVEMENT IN SURFACE QUALITY OF MICROCELLULAR INJECTION MOLDED PARTS
Jungjoo Lee , Lih-Sheng Turng, May 2010
Microcellular injection molding has many advantages such as cost savings, reduced cycle times, and excellent shrinkage properties. However, surface defects on the microcellular injection molded partsƒ??such as gas-flow swirl marks and a lack of smoothnessƒ??still remain a challenge. This paper describes a method to improve the surface quality of microcellular injection molded parts.
BATCH FOAMING OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES
Hamid O. Semeralul , Ghaus M. Rizvi , Mohammad Rubyet Islam, May 2010
Foaming of wood plastic composites (WPC), along with the addition of small amounts of glass fiber can improve the mechanical properties of WPC. Such improvements have the potential to help WPC find applications in areas where it has been previously overlooked due to factors such as its low strength and high density when compared with natural wood. The foaming process involves many parameters that interact to determine the quality of the final product. This paper investigates some of these parameters with the aim of optimizing them.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PROPERTIES OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES (WPC) WITH GLASS FIBER REINFORCEMENTS
Hamid O. Semeralul , Ghaus M. Rizvi, May 2010
The mechanical properties of wood plastic composites (WPC) can be improved with the addition of small amounts of glass fiber. This improvement can help WPC find applications in areas where it has been previously overlooked due to factors such as its lowstrength when compared with natural wood. Mechanical properties such as flexural and impact strength showed improvements upon the addition of glass fibers (GF) in certain compositions. This paper examines the effects of GF upon these properties.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS FOR CONTOUR LASER TRANSMISSION WELDING OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED NYLON 6
M. Chen , G. Zak , P.J. Bates , M.R. Kamal , M. Al-Wohoush, May 2010
This paper presents FEM heat transfer analysis and experimental results for contour laser transmission welding of glass fibre reinforced Nylon 6. Predicted temperature fields near the weld interface were compared with the dimensions of the heat affected zone, and weld widths. Temperature profiles at the weldline were also estimated from the modeling data.
STUDY ON THE SHEAR VISCOSITY OF HDPE-WOOD COMPOSITES/SUPERCRITICAL CO2 SOLUTION
Jingjing Zhang , Jing Wang , Chul B. Park , Ghaus M. Rizvi , Han-Xiong Huang, May 2010
In this work the shear viscosities of wood plastic composites (WPC)/ supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) solutions at different die temperatures and sc-CO2 contents were measured by a slit die attached on a single-screw extrusion system. A theoretical model based on the Cross-Yasuda model and Arrhenius equation was developed to describe the shear-thinning behavior of the WPC/ sc-CO2 solution. The model was a function of temperature pressure sc-CO2 content and shear rate.
STUDY ON THE SHEAR VISCOSITY OF HDPE-WOOD COMPOSITES/SUPERCRITICAL CO2 SOLUTION
Jingjing Zhang , Jing Wang , Chul B. Park , Ghaus M. Rizvi , Han-Xiong Huang, May 2010
In this work, the shear viscosities of wood plastic composites (WPC)/ supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) solutions at different die temperatures and sc-CO2 contents were measured by a slit die attached on a single-screw extrusion system. A theoretical model based on the Cross-Yasuda model and Arrhenius equation was developed to describe the shear-thinning behavior of the WPC/ sc-CO2 solution. The model was a function of temperature, pressure, sc-CO2 content, and shear rate.
VIBRATION WELDING POLYPROPYLENE – EFFECT OF MFI ON WELD STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE
P.J. Bates , A. Powell, May 2010
This paper examines the weld strength and microstructure of three polypropylene homopolymers of different melt flow indices (MFI). The heat affected zone thickness was observed to be inversely proportional to weld pressure and polymer MFI. The weld strength was observed to decrease with pressure. The weld strengths of lower MFI polymers were more weld-pressure sensitive.
VIBRATION WELDING POLYPROPYLENE ƒ?? EFFECT OF MFI ON WELD STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE
P.J. Bates , A. Powell , M. Kontopoulou, May 2010
This paper examines the weld strength and microstructure of three polypropylene homopolymers of different melt flow indices (MFI). The heat affected zone thickness was observed to be inversely proportional to weld pressure and polymer MFI. The weld strength was observed to decrease with pressure. The weld strengths of lower MFI polymers were more weld-pressure sensitive.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON THE PS/MWCNT COMPOSITES PREPARED WITH TWIN SCREW EXTRUDER
Jian-Kang Wang, Xiang-Yang Liu , Han-Xiong Huang, May 2010
Polystyrene/multi-wall carbon nanotube composites, PS/MWCNT, were prepared with co-rotating twin screw extruder. PS/MWCNT was prepared by diluting highly concentrated MWCNT masterbatch chips. We investigated rheological and mechanical properties of PS/MWCNT composites. Rheological and mechanical properties of PS/MWCNT composites depended on concentration of PS/MWCNT and processing conditions such as screw speed, feeding rate.
NATURAL FIBER-PHENOLIC-HANNEBACHITE COMPOSITES: EFFECTS OF FIBER TYPE
Hui Deng , John M. Torkelson, May 2010
The management of greenhouse gasses can certainly benefit from better marshalling of our wooded lands. Therefore, our recent research has focused on developing wood-substitute composites without wood in them from natural fibrous materials, e.g., jute, miscanthus, kenaf, wheat straw, and industrial hemp and plate-like hannebachite crystallites. Imaging, DSC, flexural strength and water sensitivity measurements were undertaken on composites formulated from the aforementioned natural fibers. Comparative effects on the mechanical and thermal properties were ascertained.
THE FOAMABILITY OF POLYPROPYLENE COPOLYMER BLOWN WITH ARGON NITROGEN AND HELIUM
Anson Wong , Siu N. Leung , Mohammad M. Hasan , Chul B. Park, May 2010
Due to environmental concerns research has been carried out to investigate the feasibility of using inert gases as blowing agents in plastic foaming processes.However the foamability of polypropylene copolymer blown with argon nitrogen and helium has not been reported previously. This paper investigates the nucleating powers of these gases to foam polypropylene copolymer by studying the polymeric foaming processes in situ.
EFFECT OF OMMT CHARACTERISTICS ON SCRATCH DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF POLYPROPYLENE TERNARY NANOCOMPOSITES
Husein Dibaei Asl , Seyed Ali Monemian , Shahrouz Taranejoo , Mahmood Torabi Angaji, May 2010
Compatibilized polypropylene (PP)/organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared via melt intercalation. OMMTs with different gallery spacing were chosen. The effect of OMMT structure on scratch deformation behavior was investigated.Correlations between scratch deformation parameters with mechanical, thermal and melt flow behavior of the nanocomposites were established and discussed.
THE EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF INJECTION MOLDED PLA
Junji Takahashi, Takashi Kuriyama, May 2010
The effect of annealing on the deformation and fracture behavior of injection molded Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated. The behavior of as-molded amorphous PLA was changed from brittle to ductile by annealing above Tg (60?øC) for 5 min. On the other hand, the sample annealed above Tcr (re-crystallization temperature) showed brittle fracture.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SYNTACTIC FOAMS
Obiageli B. Onovo , Andrey Beyle , Christopher C. Ibeh, May 2010
Syntactic foams on epoxy and on vinyl esters were produced and tested. Different types of glass microballoons were used. Samples were tested on compression tension bending fracture toughness and on impact resistance. The influence of the type of microballoons their concentration and the type of polymer matrix properties was studied. Density and morphology studies were used for the control of technology. Results of experiments are compared with different theoretical models used for the properties prediction.
PP/CO2 Volume Swelling from Measurement and Equations-of-state Predictions
Y.G. Li , C.B. Park, May 2010
The Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) data for polymer/gas solutions is an important fundamental property in which accurate measurement has not been reported until recently. This paper presents the measured volume swelling of linear and branchedpolypropylene (PP) with CO2 under hightemperature and pressure conditions by using a new PVT measurement apparatus. Comparisons are made between the measured swelling data the Sanchez and Lacombe (SL) and Simha and Somcynsky (SS) equations-of-state (EOS) predicted values.
COLOR STABILITY OF TRANSPARENT HIGH HEAT POLYCARBONATE IN AUTOMOBILE LENS APPLICATIONS
Gaurav Mediratta , Todd Loehr , Andre Volkers , Chiel Leenders , Jianbo Di , Srinivas Siripurapu, May 2010
Novel and versatile developments in automotive lighting applications demand new material solutions to meet industry requirements. Color stability of a new transparent high heat polycarbonate copolymer under thermal aging has been investigated. The magnitude and rate of color shift have been used to predict the long-term performance of these materials in automobile lens applications. The end use temperatures can be determined based on specific industry requirements.
STYRENIC COPOLYMERS CONTAINING OLIGO(OXY ETHYLENE) SIDE CHAINS
S. C. Chen, M. Y. Shih, P. H. Lee, J. S. Huang, S. H. Wang, Y. H. Lin, May 2010
Novel styrenic copolymers containing oligo(oxyethylene) groups are designed, synthesized and characterized using different analytical techniques. While they are used as compatibilizers in engineering polymer blend systems they could potentially impart improved flow and surface properties e.g., antistatic, antidust properties.
A NEW FAMILY OF FLAME RETARDANT POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES
Erik Dunkerley, Daniel F. Schmidt, May 2010
Polyphosphonates are a new family of polymeric, flame-resistant oligomers and polymers that can be used in demanding applications both as FR additives and stand-alone plastics. Polyphosphonate plastics have the highest LOI of any of the thermoplastic-processable polymers. These materials are inherently flame retardant and can be used in a broad variety of polymer systems, including thermoplastic and thermosetting. Being both halogen-free and polymeric, polyphosphonates are unique in the area of flame retardants.
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