SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIATION CROSSLINKED POLYETHYLENES
Tyco Electronics has over fifty years of experience in the field of radiation crosslinked polymers. We have incorporated the use of rheological and solvent swelling techniques to characterize crosslinked networks. Insufficient beam dose or processing errors can result in materials that appear crosslinked upon initial testing, but are not fully crosslinked. We evaluated various characterization methods on three different morphologies of polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE and VLDPE). Each method had its own strengths and limitations.
PROPERTIES OF MELT STRENGTH ON BLENDS OF POLYPROPYLENE
/POLYAMIDE-6/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
The present study was devoted to the effect of
nanoparticle on melt strength of blends. And the
reinforcing mechanism of PP/PA6/organoclay
nanocomposites had been investigated by DSC and SEM
analysis. The results showed that the maximal melt
strength existed and appeared as the weight ratio of
organoclay was 2 wt%. In addition blends presented the
best integrated properties at this ratio.
PROPERTIES OF MELT STRENGTH ON BLENDS OF POLYPROPYLENE/POLYAMIDE-6/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
The present study was devoted to the effect of nanoparticle on melt strength of blends. And the reinforcing mechanism of PP/PA6/organoclay nanocomposites had been investigated by DSC and SEM analysis. The results showed that the maximal melt strength existed and appeared as the weight ratio of organoclay was 2 wt%. In addition, blends presented the best integrated properties at this ratio.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE UNDERWATER PELLETIZING SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING PELLETS
Underwater pelletizing currently is the most promising, most innovative and, concerning the range of plastics materials to be processed, the most flexible technique for the production of high-quality plastics pellets.In this work, we established the experimental analysis of the underwater pelletizing system for producing pellets. The key process conditions for producing small pellets (<1.5mm) are low extrusion throughput, high cutter rotating speed, and low possibility of die freeze-off.
ULTRASONIC EXTRUSION AND FILM BLOWING OF PA6/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
Polyamide 6 (PA6)/Clay 30B nanocomposites of various concentrations were prepared at different amplitudes using an ultrasonic extruder. The die pressure and ultrasonic power consumption were measured. X-ray patterns, thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of extruded nanocomposites were obtained. Films were manufactured from prepared nanocomposites by film blowing process and their structural and mechanical properties in the machine and transverse directions were studied.
EFFECT OF CROSSLINKING ON THE SOLUBILITY OF N2 IN ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE (EVA)
In this paper, the effect of the crosslinking degree on the solubility of N2 in Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) was investigated. Determining the solubility of the blowing agent is crucial for achieving fine-cell products in both the continuous and batch foaming processes with crosslinking. The variation of the crosslinking degree was controlled for the EVA samples, and a magnetic suspension balance (MSB) was employed to run the sorption tests. The solubility results were analyzed and discussed based on the experimental data.
THE MECHANISMS OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE OXIDATION ON PLASTIC PIPING SYSTEMS
There have been several studies on the impact of chlorine on plastic piping systems in potable water applications and methodologies of ensuring performance have been successfully developed. The impact of chlorine dioxide is less well known. In this paper laboratory exposed plastic pipe samples are examined to study the impact of chlorine dioxide on oxidative degradation in potable water applications. The mechanisms of oxidation are characterized and recommendations for long-term performance validation are presented.
ULTRASONIC EXTRUSION AND FILM BLOWING OF LLDPE/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
LLDPE/Clay 20A nanocomposites of various concentrations were prepared at different amplitudes using an ultrasonic extruder. The die pressure and ultrasonic power consumption were measured. X-ray patterns, thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of extruded nanocomposites were measured. Films were manufactured from prepared nanocomposites by film blowing process and their structural and mechanical properties in the machine and transverse directions were studied.
MODELING MOLD CAVITY TEMPERATURE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK PARAMETER ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES
In injection molding, final product quality is influenced by the cycle average mold cavity temperature, which depends on the mold coolant flow-rate. The design of a generic average temperature controller is difficult due to the nonlinear characteristics of the in-mold part cooling process. In this investigation, the parameters of a lumped-model are obtained using artificial neural network techniques to develop a generic model-based control scheme that can be implemented in a variety of molds with minimal open loop testing.
MODELING MOLD CAVITY TEMPERATURE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK PARAMETER ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES
In injection molding final product quality is
influenced by the cycle average mold cavity temperature
which depends on the mold coolant flow-rate. The design
of a generic average temperature controller is difficult due
to the nonlinear characteristics of the in-mold part cooling
process. In this investigation the parameters of a lumpedmodel
are obtained using artificial neural network
techniques to develop a generic model-based control
scheme that can be implemented in a variety of molds with
minimal open loop testing.
MICROPATTERNING PROTEINS ON PLA FILMS USING PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
In this research proteins were micropatterned on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) films. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was micropatterned using photolithograph. These micropatterns were characterized using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and toluidine blue dye staining. Acid groups were subsequently conjugated with amine terminated biotin using carbodiimide chemistry. Biotin micropatterned PLA films were then immersed in a solution of fluorescenceconjugated streptavidin. The streptavidin adsorption behavior was examined by fluorescence microscopy.
PACLITAXEL ATTACHMENT TO PLA-PHA BLEND FILMS
The overall objective of this research was to prepare paclitaxel-delivering poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) - poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) blend films focusing on drug attachment to the films. Blend films (10 wt% PHA) were melt extruded using a single screw extruder. A sequential two step photografting approach was used to photograft poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to the film surface.Acid groups from PAA were then reacted with a specific ƒ?? OH group on paclitaxel using water soluble carbodiimide chemistry. To assess the extent of drug attachment the resultant films were characterized using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
PACLITAXEL ATTACHMENT TO PLA-PHA BLEND FILMS
The overall objective of this research was to prepare
paclitaxel-delivering poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) -
poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) blend films, focusing on
drug attachment to the films. Blend films (10 wt% PHA)
were melt extruded using a single screw extruder. A
sequential two step photografting approach was used to
photograft poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to the film surface.
Acid groups from PAA were then reacted with a specific –
OH group on paclitaxel using water soluble carbodiimide
chemistry. To assess the extent of drug attachment, the
resultant films were characterized using ATR-FTIR
spectroscopy.
MODELING THREE DIMENSIONAL SECONDARY FLOWS IN NON-CIRCULAR DUCTS
Viscoelastic secondary flows occurring in square ducts are simulated using the open source finite volume-based software, OpenFOAM. To validate a viscoelastic solver, experimental observations by other researchers were successfully reproduced, as well as compared to finite element results and recent results of a meshless technique known as the Radial Function Method (RFM). A single mode Giesekus and a multi-mode Phan-Thien Tanner (PTT) model are implemented to reproduce full three-dimensional (3D) flow through a square duct.
CONTRASTING DEFORMATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN LAMELLAR AND CYLINDRICALLY PHASE SEPARATED TPES
In this study we investigate and compare the deformation behavior of SEBS triblock copolymers with lamellar and cylindrical morphology. Structural changes that occur at various length scales have been studied using a simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD/WAXD) technique during uni-axial tensile deformation. Further deformation calorimetry is used to investigate the energetics involved during the deformation of these materials. Series of results from these various techniques indicate that the deformation takes place in three stages.
A NEW METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE BARREL TEMPERATURE IN AN INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE
A new method of obtaining open loop responses of a three barrel injection moulding machine is investigated. The method involves limiting the amount of heat transfer between adjacent zones by using a controller to create an artificial adiabatic wall. Since most barrel zones are run at or near to the same temperature, the system identified by the adiabatic wall method better represents industrial operating conditions. A predictive controller was designed to handle the dynamics of the adiabatic system and compared to a conventionally-tuned controller
THE EFFECT OF COMPATIBILIZER ON MICROFIBRILAR-PHASE FORMATION IN PE/PP BLENDS
The paper focuses on the role of ethylene-propylenediene rubber compatibilizer in the formation of polypropylene microfibrils in polyethylene matrix during extrusion through semihyperbolic die. Several blends varying in phase composition was processed. The structure and properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy DSC and tensile testing. Significant changes in morphology and properties were observed.
ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE THERMOPLASTIC FOAMS: POLYLACTIDE FOAMS VERSUS POLYSTYRENE FOAMS
Polystyrene (PS) foams have a number of desirable properties and thereby have been used for many applications. However, one of the most notable drawbacks of PS foams is its non-biodegradability. In recent years, polylactide (PLA) has been viewed as an environmentally sustainable substitute of PS. In this context, this paper aims to provide head-to-head comparisons between PLA and PS foaming processes, in terms of the cell formation mechanisms and foamability of the resultant foams.
EFFECTS OF E-BEAM IRRADIATION ON MELT BEHAVIOR OF POLY(LACTIC) ACID
In this paper the effects of ionizing radiation on poly(lactic acid) PLA will be investigated. The PLA used in this experiment is a NatureWorks LLC extrusion and thermoforming polylactide resin product code 2002D. Its rheological properties will be investigated. This team worked in conjunction with Mr. Song Cheng and Scott Goetz of Sterigenics and Professor John Bartolomucci of the Pennsylvania College of Technology. The material was irradiated using electron beam radiation. The material was then tested to obtain rheological properties at various dosage levels.
ASYMMETRIC AND SYMMETRIC COMPOSITE FOAMS
In this work, symmetric and asymmetric structural polyethylene foams were produced via compression molding using a chemical blowing agent and wood fibres as reinforcement. By modifying the temperature field in a compression molding process, it is possible to adjust the density across the partƒ??s thickness. Here, the results are discussed in terms of density profile and mechanical properties.
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