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The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.

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Conference Proceedings

POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES
Gowri Dorairaju, Gregory Morose, Daniel F. Schmidt, May 2010

Fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites represent an attractive solution for industries to produce tailor-made materials. Poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers are chosen in this work. PET fibers are cable-wired by using a PP matrix and the final composites show good balance between high impact properties, even at very low temperatures, improved stiffness and fracture strain. The effects of fiber concentration, types of PP matrices, types and concentrations of dispersing agents are investigated.

BLENDING OF RECYCLE PE BLOWN FILM AND INJECTION MOULDING GRADES
Jeremy R. Austin, May 2010

The affects on the mechanical and rheological properties of blends of recycled blown film (BM) and injection moulded milk containers (IM) were studied. Tensile, flexural and thermal properties remained unchanged with resultant increasing MFI. Anomalous results appear to occur between the 80/20% w/w (BM/IM) and 60/40% w/w (BM/IM) blends as confirmed by GPC, MFI and density.

ANALYSIS OF METALLOCENE BASED LLDPE FLOW WITH RESPECT TO DIE DROOL PHENOMENON BY USING FEM AND FLOW VISUALIZATION EXPERIMENT
M. Zatloukal , K. Chaloupkova , M. Martyn , P. Coates, May 2010

In this work the relationship between die exit geometry and die drool phenomenon for metallocene based LLDPE has been investigated experimentally by using laboratory extrusion line equipped by specially designed capillary die and flow visualization cell as well as theoretically by using viscoelastic Finite Element Method.

SAFETY FACTORS IN PLASTIC PARTS USING LINEAR ANALYSIS
Jesús Fuenmayor , Joel Bohórquez, May 2010

The factor of safety (FOS) is a key design parameter for any part subjected to stress. FOS is of special interest when a plastic part is designed because of the highly variable plastic properties. Several experimental tests were conducted to end-user parts manufactured with HDPE PP and PVC which were exposed to different kind of loads until part failure. Mechanical simulations considering a linear material behavior were performed under the same loads and restraints conditions employed in the experimental tests in order to determine the proper FOS to be considered.

SAFETY FACTORS IN PLASTIC PARTS USING LINEAR ANALYSIS
Jesús Fuenmayor , Joel Bohórquez, May 2010

The factor of safety (FOS) is a key design parameter for any part subjected to stress. FOS is of special interest when a plastic part is designed because of the highly variable plastic properties. Several experimental tests were conducted to end-user parts, manufactured with HDPE, PP and PVC, which were exposed to different kind of loads until part failure. Mechanical simulations considering a linear material behavior were performed under the same loads and restraints conditions employed in the experimental tests, in order to determine the proper FOS to be considered.

AN OVERVIEW OF INTERNAL COOLING IN ROTATIONAL MOULDING
S.B. Tan , P.R. Hornsby , M. McAfee , M.P. Kearns , M. McCourt , P.R. Hanna, May 2010

Internal cooling is an attractive way to reduce the cycle times and enhance the product properties in rotational moulding. A review on the different internal cooling approaches undertaken by various researchers in the past is presented. Internal water spray cooling is considered as an alternative cooling technique and the important process parameters for this technique are highlighted. These parameters are believed to affect the cooling efficiency and product quality when internal water spray cooling is applied.

INTUITIVE THERMAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARE IS EASY TO USE IN AN ACADEMIC SETTING
Andrew W. Salamon , Peng Ye , Kevin Menard, May 2010

Ethernet instrument communications with an intuitive user interface easily manages an academic laboratory environment. Controlling a thermal analytical instrument whether it is a DSC TGA or a STA is simply a one touch interaction. Students quickly learn method setup and data analysis. A rainbow of colors and line types makes it is easy to compare and contrast curves. Polymer glass transitions and endothermic and exothermic graphical events are easily included in reports.

INTUITIVE THERMAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARE IS EASY TO USE IN AN ACADEMIC SETTING
Andrew W. Salamon , Peng Ye , Kevin Menard, May 2010

Ethernet instrument communications with an intuitive user interface easily manages an academic laboratory environment. Controlling a thermal analytical instrument, whether it is a DSC, TGA, or a STA, is simply a one touch interaction. Students quickly learn method setup and data analysis. A rainbow of colors and line types makes it is easy to compare and contrast curves. Polymer glass transitions and endothermic and exothermic graphical events are easily included in reports.

FIBER ORIENTATION AND FIBER-MATRIX SEPARATION PHENOMENA DURING COMPRESSION MOLDING
Yin-Jiun Lin, Sheng-Jye Hwang, Huei-Huang Lee, Durn-Yuan Huang, May 2010

Fiber Orientation and Fiber-Matrix Separation Phenomena during Compression Molding

BISPHENOL E CYANATE ESTER NANOCOMPOSITES WITH LOW COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION
Prashanth Badrinarayanan , Michael R. Kessler, May 2010
HIGHLY OIL-EXTENDED OLEFIN BLOCK COPOLYMERS
Ashish Batra , Lisa Madenjian , Wenbin Liang , Gary Marchand , Dan Moldovan , Jacob Jones, May 2010

INFUSE' Olefin Block Copolymers (OBCs) are a family of new materials which are finding increasing utility in soft compounds that have traditionally been dominated by Styrenic Block Copolymers (SBCs). In this paper we will elucidate the fundamental differences in processing OBCs and SBCs to achieve low Shore A products. Comparisons of similar Shore A compounds show that OBC soft compounds can achieve the performance of traditional SBC-based compounds based on mechanical property comparisons.

WATER VAPOR BARRIER AND TRANSPARENCY PROPERTIES OF CYCLIC OLEFIN COPOLYMER CAST FILMS
Sean T. Flowers, Avraham Benatar, George W. Ritter, May 2010

A cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) was investigated as a superior water vapor barrier material for possible use in multilayer, high barrier packaging structures for military rations. The COC was processed via cast film extrusion, while chill roll temperatures and take-off speeds were varied, to determine the effects on the barrier properties and transmittance of the films. Characterization of the cast films included, water vapor permeation testing, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

EVALUATION OF PATTERNED JOINT DESIGNS FOR ULTRASONIC WELDING OF HDPE NANOCOMPOSITES
Sean T. Flowers , Avraham Benatar , George W. Ritter, May 2010

The ultrasonic weldability of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites was investigated using four different energy director butt joint designs with loadings of 0 3 and 6 wt% nanoclay. Patterned surfaces were incorporated in an attempt to allow nanoclay platelet alignment on multiple planes inside the weld region.Samples were welded using a one-factor-at-a-time approach varying weld time weld amplitude and weld force. Weld tensile strengths were compared for the different clay contents and joint patterns.

POLYETHERIMIDE-POLYETHERETHERKETONE BLENDS AND MISCIBILITY
Charlie Y. Lin, Bruce A. Harrington, David B. Dunaway, May 2010

A polyetherimide (PEI, ULTEM* 1000 resin) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) form a miscible blend that has been well studied. Blends of PEEK with other polyetherimides and polyimides were evaluated to determine miscibility. The effect of extent of miscibility on crystallization of PEEK is also assessed. Potential blends with a range of properties are presented.

IMPACT MODIFIED HIGH MODULUS PC/ABS BLENDS: AUTOMOTIVE AND NONAUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
Amit S. Kulkarni , Parminder Agarwal , Jim DeRudder , Karin van de Wetering , Ying Li , Jenny Zhang, May 2010

The latest applications in automotive and computer & business equipment markets require a high modulus resin coupled with superior impact behavior. It is a challenge to deliver these new features in products coupled with other desirable properties such as low thermal expansion and optimal melt-flow that enables filling of complex parts. This manuscript details the development of new PC/ABS blends based on novel filler technology to deliver these market needs.

UNDERSTANDING THE COMPATIBILIZATION OF POLYPROPYLENE/POLYSULFONE MEMBRANES
V. Flaris , N. Montero, May 2010

Polypropylene (PP)/polysulfone (PSU) membranes were successfully made using an environmentally-friendly process. Flux amongst other mechanical properties were improved with the introduction of functional polyolefins.Understanding the chemistry and location of the functional polyolefins is critical to explaining these improvements.

UNDERSTANDING THE COMPATIBILIZATION OF POLYPROPYLENE/POLYSULFONE MEMBRANES
V. Flaris , N. Montero, May 2010

Polypropylene (PP)/polysulfone (PSU) membranes were successfully made using an environmentally-friendly process. Flux amongst other mechanical properties, were improved with the introduction of functional polyolefins. Understanding the chemistry and location of the functional polyolefins is critical to explaining these improvements.

TOOLING AND PROCESSING OF CORNER MOLDS USING SIMULATION SOFTWARE
Ashley R. Kropf, May 2010

The optimal tooling and processing methods for a thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) have been investigated for a corner mold. Using TPVs has become a cost effective solution to replace thermoset rubber specifically ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber. Due to mold complexity and processing inconsistencies molders have tried varying the number and location of gates to achieve success. Using three-dimensional (3D) simulation software results indicate that one gate should be adequate for corner molding with TPVs.

MAPPING OF POYLMER NANOSTRUCTURES USING TEMPLATE ASSISTED METHOD
Daniel R. Joseph, May 2010

Recently it has been shown that the morphology of nanotubes plays a critical role in determining their behavior in vivo. The purpose of the current work is to utilize anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates to fabricate polystyrene nanostructures. The effects of molecular weight, concentration, template pore size and solvent on the resulting morphology have been characterized. Results indicate complete filling of homemade templates was achieved with 1wt% polymer solutions of when Mn > Me.

IMPROVING BLOWN FILM YIELD BY REDUCTION OF RESIN USED TO COVER PROCESS SHORTCOMINGS
Daniel R. Joseph, May 2010

This paper introduces the concept of improving blown film yield by reducing excess resin being used to cover chronic gauge problems and manual width control methods. The term runaway resin is introduced and quantified for manual width control. A case study is presented that demonstrates reductions in runaway resin and yield improvement by adding an easy to install width control system to a basic 405mm die (without internal bubble cooling) running commodity products.










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