SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
NGO’s What is on the Horizon
Devon Wm. Hill, September 2010
PowerPoint Presentation at Vinyltec 2010.
PVC Bio-Composites: Pelletized Natural Fiber/PVC Composites, Improving Cost and Performance in GREEN Building Products
Edward Schut, September 2010
PowerPoint Presentation at Vinyltec 2010.
Vinyl Building Materials Recycling Update
Richard Krock, September 2010
PowerPoint Presentation at Vinyltec 2010.
The Importance of Risk Assessment as a Materials Selection Criterion
Richard Krock, September 2010
PowerPoint Presentation at Vinyltec 2010.
Vinyl Siding and Sustainability: Challenges and Opportunities
David S. Johnston, September 2010
PowerPoint Presentation at Vinyltec 2010.
Economic Outlook
Robert Fry, September 2010
This presentation p contains forward‐looking statements based on expectations, estimates and projections that are not guarantees of future performance and involve a number of uncertainties and assumptions. The content is provided “AS IS,” “AS AVAILABLE.” DuPont does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the information, text, graphics, links, or other items contained in this communication, and DuPont expressly disclaims liability for errors or omissions in these materials. We reserve the right to make changes and corrections at any time, without notice. DuPont expressly disclaims all liability for the use or interpretation by others of information contained in this DuPont communication. Decisions based on information contained in this DuPont communication are the sole responsibility of the reader, and in exchange for using this DuPont communication the reader agrees to hold DuPont harmless against any claims for damages arising from any decisions that the reader makes based on such information. Nothing contained in this DuPont communication constitutes investment advice.
Non-Tin Heat Stabilizers for Clear rigid PVC Applications
Masumi Mizu | Taro Mitsudera | Tadashi Sengoku | Kiyotatsu Iwanami | Toshinori Yukino | Hiroshi Nishimura | Robert G. Weiler, September 2010
The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a new class of Calcium/Zinc heat stabilizer for clear rigid PVC applications. Typically, until this time, Organo-Tin based heat stabilizers have been used for this application. Organo-Tin heat stabilizers offer excellent transparency and good heat stability protection. Recently, Butyl-Tin based heat stabilizers have been designated as an environmental Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) in EU. This has led us to research and develop alternative heat stabilizers for clear rigid PVC applications. Liquid Barium/Zinc based heat stabilizers offer good transparency but they typically do not have enough heat stability under rigid PVC processing conditions. They also have the environmental problem of the heavy metal, Barium. Typical Calcium/Zn stabilizers have good heat stability, and are environmentally more acceptable, but typically are deficient in transparency. Our purpose in this paper is to describe a technique for selecting individual components for a high transparency powder Calcium/Zinc heat stabilizer and to demonstrate that the transparency and heat stability are suitable for the task of protecting clear rigid PVC applications. Three important technical points necessary for improving transparency were described. First is refraction (Refractive index). Second is scattering (particle size). And third is dispersion (compatibility). Ideal state satisfied these three points.
ADDITIVE PROCESSING ƒ??NEW MATERIALS FOR FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING
Bettina Wendel , Claus M. Dallner , Ernst Schmachtenberg, May 2010
Additive processes are increasingly used to generate functional components in almost any geometry layer by layer directly from CAD-files without using tools and molds. Within the scope of this paper it is shown how the limited variety of materials can be extended for fused deposition modelling to reach new areas of application and how these new materials are to be manufactured. First functional prototypes could successfully be produced and characterized.
ADDITIVE PROCESSING – NEW MATERIALS FOR FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING
Bettina Wendel , Claus M. Dallner , Ernst Schmachtenberg, May 2010
Additive processes are increasingly used to generate functional components in almost any geometry layer by layer directly from CAD-files without using tools and molds. Within the scope of this paper it is shown how the limited variety of materials can be extended for fused deposition modelling to reach new areas of application and how these new materials are to be manufactured. First functional prototypes could successfully be produced and characterized.
PROCESSING AND PERFORMANCE OF HDPE POLYMER BLENDS INCLUDING POST CONSUMER RECYCLED HDPE
T. Beiss, C. Dallner, E. Schmachtenberg, May 2010
With the rapid increase in the market for recycled polyethylene from various sources, there is an urgent need to quantify the performance of these materials. Blends of recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) were prepared to obtain specific mechanical properties and MFI. The results show that the MFIs had significant effect on the rheological, mechanical and phase morphology characteristics of the various blends.
VIBRATION JOINING OF FILAMENT REINFORCED THERMOSETS
T. Beiss , C. Dallner , E. Schmachtenberg, May 2010
At the Institute of Polymer Technology (LKT) a vibration joining technique was developed that offers short cycle times and represents a modification of hotmelt bonding using the machine technology from vibration welding. It is suitable to join thermoplastics with thermoset materials or thermosets using a thermoplastic interlayer by taking advantage of short cycle time and excellent lap-shear strength compared to bonding with reactive adhesives.
POLYMER FLOW ANALYSIS ON AN AUTOMOTIVE INSTRUMENT PANEL
Harsh Bhagat, May 2010
Mold filling simulations are sophisticated programs providing immense benefits for the plastics injection molding industry. The use of simulation techniques has improved the processability of large tools resulting in improved finished part quality.
POLYMER FLOW ANALYSIS ON AN AUTOMOTIVE INSTRUMENT PANEL
Harsh Bhagat, May 2010
Mold filling simulations are sophisticated programs, providing immense benefits for the plastics injection molding industry. The use of simulation techniques has improved the processability of large tools resulting in improved finished part quality.
RHEO-OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS IN MICROMOULDING
B.R. Whiteside , R. Spares , P.D. Coates, May 2010
Flow visualisation has previously been used to study injection moulding. The smaller length scales associated with micro-moulding allow some additional measurements to be taken but pose new challenges due to the lower filling and cooling times. We have developed an experimental toolset for visual observation in micromoulding cavities via a sapphire window system that allows the study of mould filling post filling shrinkage of the polymer away from the cavity surface and determine the evolution of birefringence during solidification.
RHEO-OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS IN MICROMOULDING
B.R. Whiteside , R. Spares , P.D. Coates, May 2010
Flow visualisation has previously been used to study injection moulding. The smaller length scales associated with micro-moulding allow some additional measurements to be taken, but pose new challenges due to the lower filling and cooling times. We have developed an experimental toolset for visual observation in micromoulding cavities via a sapphire window system that allows the study of mould filling, post filling shrinkage of the polymer away from the cavity surface, and determine the evolution of birefringence during solidification.
SHEAR STRESS AND MELTING FLUX FOR POLYCARBONATE RESINS
Atakan Altnkaynak , Mahesh Gupta , Mark A. Spalding , Sam L. Crabtree, May 2010
Frictional forces (for temperatures less than the melting or devitrification temperature) and shear stresses are keys to the solids conveying and melting processes in plasticating single-screw extruders. For most processes the shear stress at the polymer-metal interface however is unknown. This paper presents shear stresses and melting fluxes for three polycarbonate (PC) resins with different melt flow rates. The data are related back to the extrusion process.
EVALUATION OF FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION MODEL FOR GFRP COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Shen Changyu, Zhou Yingguo, Chen Jingbo, May 2010
A fatigue life prediction model for GFRP composites using the internal strain energy release rate as the damage metric for predicting fatigue life from a minimum of empirical data points has been proposed. This evaluation of the modelƒ??s accuracy demonstrates its simplicity and ability to model fatigue life for coupons and components. The model was able to fit fatigue data and predict fatigue life to within 5% log error with a high success rate.
LIFETIME PREDICTION OF PLASTIC PIPES FOR GAS DISTRIBUTION AND HOT WATER SUPPLY
Hiroyuki Nishimura, Takafumi Kawaguchi, May 2010
This paper describes a comparison of the lifetime of polyethylene (PE) pipes between actual field failures and accelerated experimental failures for gas distribution. The results of deformation behavior of PE pipes are also indicated in differential settlements and earthquakes. The lifetime of plastic pipes for hot water supply and space heating were also evaluated by the stress rupture tests. A 30-year-or-more service life of the system for central heating will be guaranteed at 90 degrees C under an inner pressure of 0.25 MPa.
A STUDY OF THERMALLY AND FLOW INDUCED RESIDUAL STRESSES IN INJECTION MOLDING
Yu-Te Liao , Shi-Chang Tseng , Meng-Chih Chen , Chao-Tsai Huang , Yuan-Jung Chang, May 2010
During the injection molding process mold filling may introduce residual stresses. And the sequential cooling process may result in thermal stresses. Some cases show flow induced residual stresses dominate the final stresses. Sequential multi-component molding is one of good examples of thermal stresses. On the other hand in the higher speed injection molding cases higher shear stresses may be the major contribution to final residual stresses.
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