SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
MODELLING THE NON-LINEAR VISCOELASTIC AND LOCALLY DISTRIBUTED MATERIAL BEHAVIOR OF SEMI-CRYSTALLINE THERMOPLASTICS
High simulation suitability can only be achieved by a precise modelling of the material properties. However the influencing factors on the non-linear viscoelastic mechanical properties of thermoplastics are numerous. Additionally injection-moulded parts exhibit inhomogeneous properties depending on their processing conditions. Semi-crystalline thermoplastic parts exhibit strong gradients in their inner properties.
This paper describes an approach to include all these influencing factors by modelling the non-linear viscoelastic material behaviour and coupling injection-moulding simulation and structural analysis. This approach is evaluated by comparing simulation and test results.
MODELLING THE NON-LINEAR VISCOELASTIC AND LOCALLY DISTRIBUTED MATERIAL BEHAVIOR OF SEMI-CRYSTALLINE THERMOPLASTICS
High simulation suitability can only be achieved by a precise modelling of the material properties. However, the influencing factors on the non-linear viscoelastic mechanical properties of thermoplastics are numerous. Additionally, injection-moulded parts exhibit inhomogeneous properties depending on their processing conditions. Semi-crystalline thermoplastic parts exhibit strong gradients in their inner properties. This paper describes an approach to include all these influencing factors by modelling the non-linear viscoelastic material behaviour and coupling injection-moulding simulation and structural analysis. This approach is evaluated by comparing simulation and test results.
ECO-FRIENDLY FLAME RETARDANT POLYCARBONATE AND POLYESTER ALLOYS
Bayer MaterialScience has developed flame retardantalloys of polycarbonate and polyester. These productscontain no brominated or chlorinated flame retardants making them eco-friendly. To counter the adverse effectof flame retardants on the hydrolysis resistance ofPC/Polyester blends stabilization against hydrolysis ofthese products has been developed. Makroblend?ÿ?? EC100?ÿ?ÿ?? EC150 resin has?ÿa UL 94 V0 rating at 1.5 mm and 5VA at 2.3 mm it hasgood impact resistance at room temperature low specificoptical smoke density and passes the FAR 25.853a-60stest at 2.0 mm.and EC100HR resins have UL 94 V0 and 5VA ratings at3.0 mm with excellent low temperature impact resistanceand hydrolysis resistance. Makroblend
RESEARCH ON THE MICRO-EXTRUSION CHARACTERISTIC OF MINI-SCREW
IN THE SCREW EXTRUDING SPRAY HEAD
Based on hydrodynamics and melt conveying theory
the micro-extrusion characteristics of mini-screw used in
the screw extruding spray head of FDM were researched
in detail in this paper. The research was about the
relationship between extrusion production capacity and
the main geometrical parameters of screw and barrel( the
active length of screw the diameter of screw the helix
angle the width of screw arris the depth of screw channel
the clearance between screw and barrel etc) and the
processing parameters such as screw speed the pressure
of nozzle. Theoretical analysis was performed to find out
the quantitative relationships between production capacity
of extrusion and main parameters (the screw speed main
geometrical size of screw the clearance between screw
and barrel the pressure of nozzle etc) were found out so
that the theoretical guidance on the design of spray head
with screw could be provided.
RESEARCH ON THE MICRO-EXTRUSION CHARACTERISTIC OF MINI-SCREW IN THE SCREW EXTRUDING SPRAY HEAD
Based on hydrodynamics and melt conveying theory, the micro-extrusion characteristics of mini-screw used in the screw extruding spray head of FDM were researched in detail in this paper. The research was about the relationship between extrusion production capacity and the main geometrical parameters of screw and barrel (the active length of screw, the diameter of screw, the helix angle, the width of screw arris, the depth of screw channel, the clearance between screw and barrel, etc), and the processing parameters such as screw speed, the pressure of nozzle. Theoretical analysis was performed to find out the quantitative relationships between production capacity of extrusion and main parameters (the screw speed, main geometrical size of screw, the clearance between screw and barrel, the pressure of nozzle, etc) were found out so that the theoretical guidance on the design of spray head with screw could be provided.
EVALUATION OF DISPERSION CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION MEASUREMENT AND MICROSCOPY
Although polymer-clay nanocomposites have been investigated for a long time there are only few publications on the characterisation of the state of dispersion of clay in polymers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and microscopy are usually applied. However results of both can easily be misinterpreted.
Nanocomposites of clay and polypropylene are prepared. The state of dispersion is analysed by XRD optical and electron microscopy. XRD measurements show the effect of sample preparation and geometry and clay orientation on the results. Sample preparation also affects the results of microscopic analyses. These effects have to be considered when nanocomposites are analysed.
EVALUATION OF DISPERSION CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION MEASUREMENT AND MICROSCOPY
Although polymer-clay nanocomposites have been investigated for a long time, there are only few publications on the characterisation of the state of dispersion of clay in polymers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and microscopy are usually applied. However, results of both can easily be misinterpreted.Nanocomposites of clay and polypropylene are prepared. The state of dispersion is analysed by XRD, optical and electron microscopy. XRD measurements show the effect of sample preparation and geometry, and clay orientation on the results. Sample preparation also affects the results of microscopic analyses. These effects have to be considered when nanocomposites are analysed.
MEASURING DISTINCTNESS OF IMAGE OF HIGH GLOSS SURFACES
Human eye-apparatus notices varying distinctness of image (DOI) of glossy surfaces very accurately. Therefore high resolving measuring techniques are required. This paper aims on presenting the Intensity Profile Analysis (IPA), a novel methodology for the measurement of distinctness of surface reflected images. IPA enables measuring fine detail reproduction of glossy surfaces with good correlation to standard DOI measurements while featuring considerably enhanced preciseness. IPA is a non-contact technique and therefore applicable for uncured or hot surfaces.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE USE OF DDGS PLASTIC COMPOSITES
Recently, an increase in the demand for ethanol as
a fuel additive has resulted in a dramatic increase in its coproducts
namely distiller’s dried grains with solubles
(DDGS).
This work studied a composite of DDGS and
conventional petrochemical plastics (polyvinyl chloride)
for applications in windows construction. The goal was to
characterize the composite and its processibility for
“green” plastics. The experiments showed that DDGS can
be effectively extruded with PVC; at low filler levels (5-
10%) of DDGs strengthening of the PVC was seen.
However, higher filler levels (>10%) of DDGS degraded
the mechanical properties of PVC/DDGS composites.
Also, ground DDGS perform better as reinforcement
agents compared to standard DDGS. Caustic pretreatment
was also studied and it was found not to effect the
mechanical properties significantly. Also, the addition of
PVA had little effect on the properties of the composite.
TRANSFER OF TEMPLATE PATTERNED CARBON NANOTUBES TO A POLYMER SURFACE USING THE THERMOFORMING PROCESS
Carbon nanotubes (CNT’s) are of interest because of
their high thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties.
They are often combined with polymers to enhance the
properties; however, it would be useful for a number of
applications to incorporate the CNT’s in a patterned
structure. In this work we investigate approaches to
pattern the carbon nanotubes and transfer this pattern to a
polymer substrate using thermoforming, a commercially
relevant process. We have used electrophoretic deposition
of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) onto the
circuits followed by transfer to a polyurethane film by
thermoforming. The electronic circuit had a copper (Cu)
wire with a width of 55 &m. MWCNT’s were deposited
onto the copper wires using the electrophoresis method
with direct current (DC) voltage. A novel mold design for
the thermoforming process was developed, which has a
removable insert to keep the patterned MWCNT circuit
inside the mold. The thermoforming process parameters
(temperature (heating time), forming time and vacuum)
were optimized to obtain transfer of the patterned
MWCNT’s to the polyurethane surface
Dashboard for Smart Model 451 for Two
PowerPoint Presentation at ACCE 2007.
Renewable Bio-Composites for Automotive Applications
PowerPoint Presentation at ACCE 2007.
Delta PT: A Superior Thread-Former for Plastics
PowerPoint Presentation at ACCE 2007.
Accelerated Thermo Molecular Adhesion Process (ATmaP) - An Advanced Surface Treatment Technology
PowerPoint Presentation at ACCE 2007.
Nickel Vapor Deposition Shell Tooling Applications
PowerPoint Presentation at ACCE 2007.
Fabrication and Characterization of Neat and Nanophased Polyurethane Foam
In this study 1wt% carbon nanofiber (CNF) and TiO2 nanoparticles have been infused in part A of polyurethane (PUR) foam by ultrasound sonication then mixed with part B of PUR foam by mechanical stirrer. Tensile flexural and compression tests were performed to evaluate mechanical performance of neat and nanophased PUR foams. Experimental results show that CNF reinforced
PUR foam exhibit the highest tensile strength flexural strength and compression strength as compared with other PUR Foams.
Nanocomposites for Automotive Applications
PowerPoint Presentation at ACCE 2007.
Carbon Nanotubes: New Markets & Developing Applications
PowerPoint Presentation at ACCE 2007.
Advanced Composite Polymer for Automotive - Long Glass Fiber Linear Polyphenylene Sulfide
PowerPoint Presentation at ACCE 2007.
New Composite Material for Automotive Industry: Long Glass Fiber Thermoplastic Polyacetal (LFT-POM)
PowerPoint Presentation at ACCE 2007.
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