The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Wen-Ren Jong , Tai-Chih Li , Shia-Chung Chen , Chun-Jen Shih , Po-Jung Lai , Chun-Hsien Wu , Ming-Yan Li, May 2008
With the flourishing development of 3C industry the
products are becoming more and more diversified and the
life cycle keeps reducing. Nowadays in order to maintain
and enhance competitiveness it is important for
enterprises to shorten the time of mold design and
manufacturing train new engineers in the shortest time
and upgrade the quality of products.
This paper presents a mold-design navigating system
with knowledge management; especially for some
automatic design capabilities of core-cavity separation
interference detection and cooling-line design safety.
Not only do these functions save design time and prevent
man-made errors but they also accumulate enterprise
knowledge to provide consistent transparent systematic
and reasonable mold-design. Each function is executed in
a navigated process with built-in knowledge to offer the
capabilities of automatic design.
Wen-Ren Jong , Tai-Chih Li , Shia-Chung Chen , Chun-Jen Shih , Po-Jung Lai , Chun-Hsien Wu , Ming-Yan Li, May 2008
With the flourishing development of 3C industry, the products are becoming more and more diversified and the life cycle keeps reducing. Nowadays, in order to maintain and enhance competitiveness, it is important for enterprises to shorten the time of mold design and manufacturing, train new engineers in the shortest time, and upgrade the quality of products.This paper presents a mold-design navigating system with knowledge management; especially for some automatic design capabilities of core-cavity separation, interference detection, and cooling-line design safety.Not only do these functions save design time and prevent man-made errors, but they also accumulate enterprise knowledge to provide consistent, transparent, systematic, and reasonable mold-design. Each function is executed in a navigated process with built-in knowledge to offer the capabilities of automatic design.
Wen-Ren Jong , Tzu-Chun Lin , Po-Jung Lai , Tai-Chih Li , Chun-Hsien Wu , Ming-Yan Li, May 2008
In recent years mold manufacturing and development
has become more and more complex because of the
diversity of market demand and the time reduction of
product manufacturing. Due to the diversities of the
product it is almost impossible to manage and arrange all
mold components effectively during the process of
manufacturing. Therefore this research utilizes the
embedded functions of CAD (Pro/E Wildfire) to combine
mold-manufacturing planning system with CAD tool. The
personnel of production management only need to go
through the interface of planning system and the
standardized process step by step. Then it reduces the
chances of errors occurring during operation and improves
the efficiency of production as well. Mold-manufacturing
planning system can be integrated with mold-design
navigating system. The design can be arranged directly
through planning system and it makes the system
consistent and efficient so that the personnel of production
management are able to arrange schedule easily.
Wen-Ren Jong , Tzu-Chun Lin , Po-Jung Lai , Tai-Chih Li , Chun-Hsien Wu , Ming-Yan Li, May 2008
In recent years, mold manufacturing and development has become more and more complex because of the diversity of market demand and the time reduction of product manufacturing. Due to the diversities of the product, it is almost impossible to manage and arrange all mold components effectively during the process of manufacturing. Therefore, this research utilizes the embedded functions of CAD (Pro/E Wildfire) to combine mold-manufacturing planning system with CAD tool. The personnel of production management only need to go through the interface of planning system and the standardized process step by step. Then, it reduces the chances of errors occurring during operation and improves the efficiency of production as well. Mold-manufacturing planning system can be integrated with mold-design navigating system. The design can be arranged directly through planning system, and it makes the system consistent and efficient so that the personnel of production management are able to arrange schedule easily.
Christina Sabine Härter , Hans-Gerhard Fritz, May 2008
The European Commission 6th Framework Program Cooperative
Research Project “Plug Materials Influence on
Final Part Quality in the Thermoforming Process” with
Project acronym “PlugIn” has as its goal to improve the
understanding of plug assist thermoforming to increase
productivity and competitiveness of the European
thermoforming industry. This paper presents the PlugIn
project work investigating the dependence of part wall
thickness due to changes in plug-sheet material
combination plug geometry plug velocity plug depth
and forming temperature.
Christina Sabine Härter , Hans-Gerhard Fritz , Noel Tessier , Karel Kouba, May 2008
The European Commission, 6th Framework Program, Cooperative Research Project ƒ? Plug Materials Influence on Final Part Quality in the Thermoforming Processƒ? with Project acronym ƒ??PlugInƒ has as its goal to improve the understanding of plug assist thermoforming to increase productivity and competitiveness of the European thermoforming industry. This paper presents the PlugIn project work investigating the dependence of part wall thickness due to changes in plug-sheet material combination, plug geometry, plug velocity, plug depth and forming temperature.
A considerable number of polymers are available for usein medical and pharmaceutical packaging applications.Polymers such as polypropylene glycol modifiedpoly(ethylene terephthalate) polyacrylonitrile cyclicolefin copolymer and polychlorotrifluoroethylene exhibitdifferent mechanical and thermal properties therebyrequiring different processing conditions. Thethermoformability of these different polymers can beassessed in order to establish relative performance metricsprior to full scale production trials. This paper presentsmethods and analyses for assessing thermoformability.
He-ming Lin , Zhi-Qi Cai , Yan Yuan , Lin Lei , Dong-ming Qi, May 2008
A series of ‘guava-like’ silica/polyacrylate
nanocomposite particles with different grafting degrees
were prepared via mini-emulsion polymerization. The
silica/polyacrylate composite particles were melt-mixed
with unfilled polyacrylate resin to prepare the
corresponding silica/polyacrylate molded composites and
the dispersion mechanism of these silica particles from
the ‘guava-like’ composite particles into polyacrylate
matrix was studied by the section transmission electron
microscope (TEM) micrographs of silica/polyacrylate
molded composites. It was found that the grafting degree
of silica particles played a crucial role in the dispersion of
silica/polyacrylate composite particles into the
polyacrylate matrix.
He-ming Lin , Zhi-Qi Cai , Yan Yuan , Lin Lei , Dong-ming Qi, May 2008
A series of guava-like silica/polyacrylate nanocomposite particles with different grafting degrees were prepared via mini-emulsion polymerization. The silica/polyacrylate composite particles were melt-mixed with unfilled polyacrylate resin to prepare the corresponding silica/polyacrylate molded composites, and the dispersion mechanism of these silica particles from the ƒ??guava-likeƒ?? composite particles into polyacrylate matrix was studied by the section transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs of silica/polyacrylate molded composites. It was found that the grafting degree of silica particles played a crucial role in the dispersion of silica/polyacrylate composite particles into the polyacrylate matrix.
For polycarbonate the HDT values can vary over 20±C.
Many factors a®ect the test results. Among these ther-
mal dilatation and creep were discussed in detail. Quan-
titatively the contribution from thermal dilatation to
HDT values varies little with physical aging time but the
contribution from creep to HDT values changes greatly.
When creep is insigni¯cant the HDT values can be cal-
culated from an elastic beam de°ection equation and are
close to the Tg values. This paper qualitatively disputes
the claims of the e®ect of residual stress on HDT values.
It is argued that changes in residual stress level and HDT
values with physical aging are symptoms of the structural
relaxation but no causal e®ect exists between these two
symptoms. As a test method for amorphous polymers
Vicat or Tg can provide more reliable results than HDT.
For polycarbonate, the HDT values can vary over 20?øC. Many factors affect the test results. Among these, thermal dilatation and creep were discussed in detail. Quantitatively, the contribution from thermal dilatation to HDT values varies little with physical aging time, but the contribution from creep to HDT values changes greatly. When creep is insignificant, the HDT values can be calculated from an elastic beam deflection equation and are close to the Tg values. This paper qualitatively disputes the claims of the effect of residual stress on HDT values. It is argued that changes in residual stress level and HDT values with physical aging are symptoms of the structural relaxation, but no causal effect exists between these two symptoms. As a test method for amorphous polymers, Vicat or Tg can provide more reliable results than HDT.
Patrick C. Lee , Hee Eon Park , Christopher W. Macosko , John M. Dealy, May 2008
Significant slip can occur during flow of twoimmiscible polymers due to reduced entanglements at theirinterface. The slip is of practical importance because of itseffect on morphology and adhesion of these multi-phasematerials such as disordered two-phase blends andmultilayer films. Using rheological technique we studiedthe interfacial slip in co-extruded multilayer films. Theviscosity drop of a multilayer sample below the averageviscosity of two neat components was observed for bothpolypropylene/polystyrene and polyethylene/fluoropolymer systems indicating interfacial slip.Furthermore the viscosity drop of a multilayer sampleincreased with the number of layers.
Patrick C. Lee , Hee Eon Park , Christopher W. Macosko , John M. Dealy, May 2008
Significant slip can occur during flow of two
immiscible polymers due to reduced entanglements at their
interface. The slip is of practical importance because of its
effect on morphology and adhesion of these multi-phase
materials, such as disordered two-phase blends and
multilayer films. Using rheological technique, we studied
the interfacial slip in co-extruded multilayer films. The
viscosity drop of a multilayer sample below the average
viscosity of two neat components was observed for both
polypropylene/polystyrene and polyethylene
/fluoropolymer systems, indicating interfacial slip.
Furthermore, the viscosity drop of a multilayer sample
increased with the number of layers.
The variation of both the tensile properties and the thermal properties of aligned electrospun fibers with the take-up velocity (TUV) of disc collector have not been widely investigated due to the difficulty of handling aligned nanofibers and measuring low loads. In this paper 25% of nylon 6 solution was electrospun into fibers and the fibers were aligned using a rotating disc collector. We evaluated both the mechanical and the thermal properties of aligned electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers having a diameter less than 200 nm as a function of the TUV based on a disc collector. It was determined that by increasing the TUV from 14.2 m/s to 21.4 m/s the tensile properties showed a substantial increase including the elastic modulus the strain energy density and the tensile strength which increased by 108% 100% and 75% respectively. Meanwhile the melting temperature remained the same compared to the bulk material.
The variation of both the tensile properties and the thermal properties of aligned electrospun fibers with the take-up velocity (TUV) of disc collector have not been widely investigated due to the difficulty of handling aligned nanofibers and measuring low loads. In this paper, 25% of nylon 6 solution was electrospun into fibers and the fibers were aligned using a rotating disc collector. We evaluated both the mechanical and the thermal properties of aligned electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers, having a diameter less than 200 nm, as a function of the TUV based on a disc collector. It was determined that by increasing the TUV from 14.2 m/s to 21.4 m/s, the tensile properties showed a substantial increase including the elastic modulus, the strain energy density, and the tensile strength which increased by 108%, 100%, and 75%, respectively. Meanwhile, the melting temperature remained the same compared to the bulk material.
We present a novel microfluidic mixer for high
temperature polymer melts based on the platform of the
Multi-sample Micro-slit Rheometer (MMR). The device
is essentially a static mixer with eight consecutive units of
splitting and recombination flow formed by stacking three
stainless steel shims (50 ?m thickness). The mixing
results show both multilayer and domain/matrix
morphologies depending on the channel configuration and
blend pair. This mixer will be particularly useful not only
as a polymer melt mixer but as a multilayer processor
when a limited material quantity (typical sample size ? 20
?L) is available.
We present a novel microfluidic mixer for high temperature polymer melts based on the platform of the Multi-sample Micro-slit Rheometer (MMR). The device is essentially a static mixer with eight consecutive units of splitting and recombination flow formed by stacking three stainless steel shims (50 ?¬m thickness). The mixing results show both multilayer and domain/matrix morphologies depending on the channel configuration and blend pair. This mixer will be particularly useful not only as a polymer melt mixer but as a multilayer processor when a limited material quantity (typical sample size ƒ?? 20 ?¬L) is available.h
Estanislao Ortiz-Rodriguez , Costas Tzoganakis, May 2008
The peroxide-initiated degradation of polypropylene in
fully-filled screw elements of closely intermeshing twinscrew
extruders is being analyzed. For this purpose threedimensional
simulations are being implemented to
describe this reactive flow in screw elements of two
different size extruders. The effects of the initial peroxide
concentration mass throughput and especially extruder
size on the final weight-average molecular weight and
poly-dispersity index of the product are studied. In
relation to the later the temperature of reaction resulting
from the specified processing conditions is discussed.
Estanislao Ortiz-Rodriguez , Costas Tzoganakis, May 2008
The peroxide-initiated degradation of polypropylene in fully-filled screw elements of closely intermeshing twinscrew extruders is being analyzed. For this purpose, threedimensional simulations are being implemented to describe this reactive flow in screw elements of two different size extruders. The effects of the initial peroxide concentration, mass throughput, and, especially, extruder size on the final weight-average molecular weight and poly-dispersity index of the product are studied. In relation to the later, the temperature of reaction resulting from the specified processing conditions is discussed.
V. Picón , M. Matos , C. Müller-Karger , M. V. Candal , H. Nicola, May 2008
The main goal of this project was to design evaluate and
validate an interbody fusion cage (IFC) and its injection
mold by means of CAE/CAD and finite elements tools
(Pro-ENGINEER C-MOLD and ANSYS). IFC is
employed as a supplement in the lumbar fusion. PEEK was
chosen for IFC manufacture. Based on the interbody cage
design two cavities and a double opening ejection system
were used in the mold. Molds with different cooling and
feeding systems were designed and evaluated using
modelator and simulation software (C-MOLD). Results
indicate that the best mold has only one standard lateral
gate and four cooling channels in each cavity. The cycle
time was less than 36 sec. After a financial study this
project represents a feasible solution for Venezuelan
patients.
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
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