The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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David O. Kazmer, Peter Knepper, Stephen Johnston, May 2005
A survey of commercially available and broadly used pressure and temperature sensors for injection molding is presented. The various pressure and temperature sensing means are reviewed along with the geometry and performance of common transducers. Usage and trade-offs in sensor design and selection is discussed.
A simple equation with only a few physical parameters for the description of the high stalk bubbles has been derived from variational principles. The proposed equation was used in modeling of the film blowing process and a very good agreement between measured and simulated data was found.
M. Zatloukal, W. Kopytko, J. Vl?ek, P. Sáha, May 2005
Modified Leonov model has been used for the viscoelastic stress calculation in the flat multi-manifold coextrusion die used for LDPE film casting process. It has been shown that specific type of high stress area occurs around the interface at the end of the converging section. This total stress has been found to be nonmonotonic along the interface and related for the onset of zig-zag type of interfacial instabilities when the total stress achieved 200 kPa.
Mathew Raymond, Andrea Leczynski, Jason Iovanna, Amad Tayebi, May 2005
In this paper, process and film parameters affecting the peel strength of impulse heat sealed thermoplastic polymeric films are investigated. In particular, the roles of film thickness and duration/temperature of application of impulse heat sealing tool are investigated for low density polyethylene. The data obtained are particularly useful in flexible packaging and film sealed container applications.
R.A. Morales, S.L. Villarroel, D. Garmendia, May 2005
The objective of this work was to evaluate mechanical properties of a cellular phone. Evaluation was made employing two commercial simulation programs. Acting bonds and external forces to simulate the phone opening action were determined. Programs used were capable of modeling static loads for the stress analysis by finite element mesh creation. Maximum wall shear stress and residual stresses showed maximum values in the gate area, in smaller thickness sections.
The study investigates the high deformation and resulting high strains occurring during the flex of living hinge designs by putting a finite element model through the full range of motion. It investigates the ability of this technique to predict feature alignment after fully closing by comparing to actual molded parts. It investigates the feasibility of obtaining accurate simulation results from a model that undergoes high element distortion and material model at very high strains.
M T Martyn, R Spares, P D Coates, M Zatloukal, May 2005
Flow visualisation studies were preformed to determine process parameters initiating interfacial instability in the coextrusion of polyolefin melts. Slit coextrusion visualisation cells with 30° and 90° convergent streams were studied. Studies were performed using two different extruder arrangements. Stress fields, quantified using birefringence. Concomitant velocity and layer ratios leading to wave type interfacial instability in the polyolefin melts are presented.
R. Tchoudakov, E. Segal, M. Letuchy, M.Narkis, A. Siegmann, May 2005
Sensors produced as extruded filaments based on HIPS/ABS/CB and HIPS/LLPE/CB blends were exposed to ethanol, acetone, heptane and benzene. The solubility parameters of the liquid and the blend components are important in determining the sensing level. Sensors based on proper immiscible polymer blends exhibit reproducible and recoverable electrical resistance behavior upon exposure to liquid/ drying air cycles, selectively responding to different liquids or liquid mixtures of different ratios.
M. Zatloukal, M.T. Martyn, P.D. Coates, J. Vl?ek, May 2005
Fully viscoelastic FEM together with flow visualization technique are employed to quantify the effect of the die design on the wave type of interfacial instabilities in coextrusion. It has been shown experimentally that the minor channel geometry has a strong impact on the wave type of interfacial instabilities and the results can be correlated through novel criteria called as Total Stress Difference (TSN), which takes in to account the bulk change of the total stress in normal as well as tangential direction with respect to the interface.
The FCBGA can have the advantages of flip chip and BGA to provide the needs of high-speed networking and telecommunications systems. This study tries to predict the accumulated warpage of FCBGA throughout the sequential packaging process. Since IC device is packaged by several kinds of materials with dissimilar properties, the methodology of death-and-birth is used to simulate the existence of components at each stage. The results show similar trend with the experimental verification.
M. Hernández, M.N. Ichazo, C. Albano, J. González, May 2005
Rheological and mechanical behavior of EPDM rubber filled with woodflour was studied based on blend ratio and curing systems. Irradiation was also studied as an alternative crosslinking method. Results indicate that woodflour accelerates rubber vulcanization. When comparing curing systems, final overall vulcanizates properties did not deteriorate with the efficient system. Concerning irradiation, an optimum dose of 110 kGy was found, since lower doses do not promote crosslinking and higher doses tend to decrease overall properties.
Guangjian He, Jingping Qu, Xianwu Cao, Xiangfang Peng, May 2005
A novel dynamic capillary rheometer (DCR) was designed to investigate the viscoelastic characteristic of polypropylene melt. The pulsatile flow of polymer melt could be got by parallel superposition of oscillation on steady shear flow in this novel DCR. The vibration frequency-dependent behavior of the phase angle and the shear stress vs. shear rate loops can be determined during pulsatile extruding processing. With the increase of the vibration frequency, the elastic characteristic of PP melt becomes more apparent.
Yung-Yuan Wang, Chi Chung Hsu, Rong-Yeu Chang, May 2005
The analysis of encapsulant flow during under-fill encapsulation would be discussed in this work. With solving the melt-front positions based on 3D Finite Volume Method, we get better predictions than 2.5D simulation. For the surface effects among encapsulant, bumps and substrate, the results illustrate that the variations of contact angle influence filling time greatly. Moreover, by applying approximated parameters of dynamic contact angle model, we can simulate the influence of different processing conditions on filling time predictions.
Electroplating PC/ABS requires the plastic be conditioned through “etching” where metal is interlocked into the part. This only occurs when the part has a butadiene-rich surface. Not achieving this condition results in costly unrecoverable plated scrap. In this study, the injection molding process effect on plating scrap was studied where it was learned that the slower the injection rate provides less plating scrap, contrary to traditional molding efficiency.
Moshe Favelukis, Olga M. Lavrenteva, Avinoam Nir, May 2005
The influence of inertia on the deformation and breakup of a slender bubble embedded in a Newtonian liquid in an axisymmetric extensional flow has been theoretically studied. The steady-state problem is governed by two dimensionless parameters: The capillary number and the Reynolds number for the external flow. The calculated stationary deformation reveals the existence of multiple solutions. A stability analysis of these results is used to distinguish between stable and unstable solutions and to establish the break-up point.
New slip model based on ‘effective continuum methods’ for the description of slip was developed and used for investigation of process aids effect on the zigzag type of interfacial instabilities in coextrusion flow.
Anne-Sophie Lichtlé, Laurence Meylheuc, Dmitry Kucharavy, Emmanuel Caillaud, May 2005
One of the major difficulty in designing extruded structures consists in understanding and managing their driving parameters like: material structure;process characteristics;their system effects; which influence the shock resistance. Thus, it is proposed to identify these relationships within the context of redesigning the PVC pipes for sewer systems.
Selective laser sintering (SLS) with CO2 lasers is only used commercially with polyamide (PA) and polystyrene (PS). This is because only these polymers absorb enough energy to melt properly in the SLS process.In a new approach, carbon black is added to the thermoplastic polymer powder. Carbon is sensitive to the wave length of Nd:YAG lasers and can absorb enough energy that adjacent polymer melts.In this paper a feasibility study of this new method is presented. As an example the sintering behaviour of the high temperature resistant polymer polyether ketone (PEK) is shown.
Using a mold specifically designed for the purpose of studying Width-to-Thickness Ratios in grill shaped geometry, parts are molded at each of four different width-to- thickness ratio settings using a control ratio of 10:1 in each setting. Semi-crystalline and amorphous behavior is investigated.
Y. Sun, M. Gupta, J. Dooley, K.A. Koppi, M.A. Spalding, May 2005
The flow in a flat die is simulated using the axisymmetric and planar elongational viscosities of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) resin. Elongational viscosity is found to have only a limited effect on the velocity distribution at the die exit. However, the predicted pressure drop in the die increased when the effect of elongational viscosity is included in the simulation. Predicted pressure drop is compared with the corresponding experimental data.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
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Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
