SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
Modeling for Compaction of Particulate Materials
Compaction of powders has been used in manufacturing of components for a broad range of application. In this paper compaction data for pure particulates and composite mixtures as well as mathematical models are presented. The model could successfully be used not only for metal powders but also for polymer and ceramic powders and/or their composite mixtures in order to predict their compaction behavior as a function of temperature and speed.
A Study of Nano-Titanium Dioxide Dispersed in PBT
A countercheck of dispersion effect by different types of dispersing agent and different shear stress of screw design has been investigated. Low shear one, not as we originally expected, showed a much more stable head pressure, which is an important parameter to monitor fabric extrusion, than a higher shear screw design. TGA was furthermore applied to confirm the weight loss after every single test.
Effect of Compatibilizer Concentration on Properties of Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites
Polypropylene/Montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding with different concentrations of the compatibilizer, which is a maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, using a reactive twin-screw extruder. They were characterized using tensile testing, DSC, XRD and TEM. It was found that beyond a certain concentration of the compatibilizer, the mechanical properties deteriorated. This was explained on the basis of shear rate-viscosity relationships and the nature of interfaces governing the nanocomposites.
PMMA/Laponite Nanocomposites Prepared by Melt Compounding
Nanocomposites using PMMA and Laponite were prepared by melt processing in a reactive twin-screw extruder. The clay particles were dispersed in an aqueous medium before being mixed with PMMA. Polymer nanocomposites were prepared at different solids (clay) loading and samples were characterized using wide-angle x-ray diffraction, TEM, as well as stress-strain measurements, DSC and Nanoindentation. One of the nanocomposites was almost as transparent as pure PMMA and exhibited better mechanical properties than pure PMMA. Results will be presented and discussed.
Effect of Interphase Condition on Mechanical Properties in Polyamide Pre-Impregnated Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite
In order to improve the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite, the polyamide pre-impregnated glass fiber is candidate. The pre-impregnated resin distributed near the glass fiber and it would affect both the fiber length in molding and the interfacial properties. Consequently the tensile strength could be improved.
Effect of Gate Design when Molding Thermoplastic Elastomers
The depth, width and land length of an edge gate were systematically varied in order to assess guidelines for gates used in injection molding of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). Each gate design was evaluated using several classes of TPEs and a range of processing conditions.
Clay Nanocomposites in a Combustible Molded Material
Flame retardant compounds are commonly used in industry. In this study, clay nanocomposites will be evaluated for their effectiveness to control combustion. The clay nanocomposites will be incorporated into the resin through injection molding. The effectiveness of the different percentage of nanocomposite will be compared using traditional flame retardant evaluation techniques and their ability to control combustion on the outside of the polymer.
The Effects of Pack Velocity on the Injection Molding Process
With the introduction of electric molding machines and upgraded technology, in molding, an un-developed part of the molding cycle is introduced; this piece of the cycle is known as pack velocity. This study will demonstrate how to set and optimize the pack velocity. The optimization is be evaluated by studying the effects of pack velocity on part weight (density), and part dimensions.
The Effects of a Change in Back Pressure on Polypropylene with Colorant
The strength and viscosity of polypropylene is influenced by extreme stress during the injection process. The extreme stress on the material can be altered by changing the backpressure on the machine. The effects of extreme back pressure on polypropylene with colorant will be determined through tensile and impact testing. Numerous material trials will be conducted to prove the change in strengths.
A Perturbation Method to Characterize Reactive Extrusion
By means of a novel flow perturbation technique, fundamental details of reactive extrusion systems can be analyzed with respect to the chemical reaction rate, effects of catalyst and extrusion conditions, such as throughput and screw speed. A specialized, high-speed data acquisition system, the “Extrusion Pulse Analysis System” (EPAS) has been developed to enable on-line monitoring and data analysis of the imposed disturbances to provide real time diagnosis of extrusion processes in laboratory and manufacturing applications.
INSITE™ Technology - A Polymer Innovation
During the 1990’s and into the 2000’s, Dow has developed, launched and grown a family of products based on INSITE™ technology. This technology platform has and continues to spawn many product families because of its flexibility and its many scientific facets. Key to success is the integration of catalyst innovations, material science innovation, process innovation and application development process innovation into a wide range of products for many markets. The technology concept coined molecular architecture" continues to have wide utility and innovation in the marketplace."
Advanced Technologies for PC-ABS Blends
Polycarbonate (PC)-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS) blends continue to be improved to meet increased demands for reduced fabrication cycle time and balance of stiffness, toughness and heat resistance in markets such as automotive. This paper will address the science and technologies required for these blends to maintain their competitiveness and their growth in a global market-place.
EAA Copolymer Coated Metals for Cable Applications
The invention that led to the innovation was the synthesis of a random copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid (EAA). It was discovered that this copolymer would adhere to metals. The innovation was the commercialization of Zetabon coated metals based on EAA coatings on aluminum or steel for cable shielding and armoring applications. The innovation became the enabling technology for a cable sheath design known as the bonded sheath, or laminate sheath, that is now the global standard for telecommunications cable.
The Novel STT™ Process Application with the Polymer Plant of the Future
This presentation will describe a unique process system called the Spinning-Tube-in-Tube, or STT™, process, which represents a paradigm shift away from the traditional approach to the processing of materials. The patented STT™ process system is a paradigm leap from volume-based to an area-based processing technology. Although applicability of the new STT™ process will be across many market sectors, this presentation will focus on applications within the polymer plant of the future. Several polymer applications will be discussed.
New Developments in Water-Borne Polymer Processes
This paper will highlight areas of promising research in the field of water-borne polymer products. Water-borne polymer products will be taken to mean polymer systems that are either polymerized in an aqueous medium, or applied from an aqueous medium. The talk will be limited to two-phase systems (emulsions, suspensions, etc.), and so water-soluble polymers will not be discussed.
Transient Heat Transfer Coefficients for the Solidification of Blow Molded Parts
We have developed a simplified experimental set-up to measure the transient heat transfer coefficient between a heated polymer sheet and a controlled temperature aluminum plaque. The effect of using non-uniform heat transfer coefficients on the part cooling and solidification is determined for the prediction of the blow molding of an industrial scale part.
FE-Analysis of the Two-Step Stretch Blow Moulding Process
The initial temperature distribution in a PET-preform determines the quality of stretch blow molded bottles. A new heating simulation based on the zone method allows to determine the 3D temperature distribution to be used for a subsequent blowing simulation. Thus, the stretch blow molding process can be completely analyzed by a FEA. This can be used e.g. to improve the design of infrared-ovens.
Influence of the Stretch Blow Molding Processing Parameters on PET Bottles Properties
The paper deals with the analysis of the most influencing factors in the procedure of manufacturing poly(ethylene-terephtalate) bottles for packaging of table oil, injection stretch blow molding. The influence of individual manufacturing factors on the quality guidelines important in the manufacturing of PET bottles for table oil packaging, final volume, and post-shrinkage have been studied. The most influencing factors have been determined which affect the volume and shrinkage of PET bottles by using the central composite design.
Parison Formation in Blow Molding: Parison Dimension Prediction using Neural Network Model
The parison dimension distributions during the parison formation in extrusion blow molding were determined by analyzing video images of the parison. Two BP neural network models were developed based on the experimental data. The prediction of the parison diameter and thickness distributions can be made on line at any parison length or any parison drop time within a given range using the models.
Part Cooling in Blow Molding: Finite Element Solution
The part cooling stage of the extrusion blow molding process was simulated based on the ANSYS finite element software. The transient temperature profiles across the part thickness were predicted. The experiment results validated that the predictions are reasonable. Then the temperature dependent quiescent crystallinity development across the thickness was calculated using a Nakamura equation. The influence of the processing parameters, part thickness, and the thermal properties of plastics and mold materials can be analyzed.
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