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The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.

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Conference Proceedings

RHEOLOGICAL STUDIES ON A NOVEL LIQUID CRYSTALLINE EPOXY THERMOSET
Pihui Pi, Weicheng Wang, Yinling Liu, Zhi-qi Cai, Xiufang Wen, Jiang Cheng, Zhuoru Yang, May 2011

Liquid crystalline epoxy thermosets were prepared by adding 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl bis(4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)benzoate) (M1) into diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/ 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) blends. Rheological tests with constant temperature and time tests under constant mechanical shear load conditions were performed by using rheometry instrument.

INVESTIGATION ON WARPAGE BEHAVIOR OF DVD-DISK IN INJECTION COMPRESSION MOLDING
Shia-Chung Chen, Guan-Hua Lee, Chia-Yen Tseng, TzuChau Chen, Hsien-Sen Chiu, Chih-Chung Hsu, May 2011

In this study, the Injection Compression Molding (ICM) process was simulated with a DVD-disk model using the Moldex3D-ICM module. An ICM experiment was also conducted to verify the simulation results. The effects of the process parameters such as compression force, delay time and switch time on warpage behavior are investigated. The experimental results show that a high compression force causes low deflection, while a longer delay time or switch time induces higher deflection.

COMPOSITES FOR NAVAL APPLICATIONS: FIRE, SMOKE, AND TOXICITY MATERIAL TESTING AND REQUIREMENTS
Michael Lee, May 2011

Composite use aboard naval vessels has increased as militaries strive to reduce acquisition and maintenance costs as well as improve the structural and operational performance of naval craft. However, strict performance and safety requirements have hindered the use of composites in naval vessels. Fire, Smoke, and Toxicity (FST) requirements have made using composites aboard naval vessels a challenging application. This paper presents the FST requirements and a high level overview of replacing steel with composites.

HYDROPHOBIC THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANES
Anthony Walder, Donald Meltzer, Daphne Robinson, May 2011

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are a class of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) that are used in a variety of medical applications. TPUs exhibit low temperature flexibility, excellent abrasion resistance, high tensile strength and good processing characteristics. The softest TPUs historically used in medical applications exhibit a Shore Durometer above 70A. A medical grade TPU with a Shore Durometer of 62A will be presented. This softness is achieved without the use of plasticizers as is often the case with many other soft TPEs.

TRANSPARENT FLAME RETARDANT PEN/PET ALLOY FOR DIGITAL TV FRAME
In Kim, Manwar Hussain, Philjoong Yoon, May 2011

The paper relates to a unique flame retardant (FR) composition in which polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) are in the form of polymer blend by low shear melt extrusion process. The composition provides excellent flame retardant with good anti-dipping property, especially is able to mold transparent articles such as next generation TV frames, computer, video game console, and appliance housing applications

PERVASIVE INNOVATION: TAKING INNOVATION DEEP AND WIDE ACROSS AND THROUGH THE ORGANIZATION
Bonnie Bachman, Stephen Bozzone, May 2011

One of the fundamental tenets of management is that human capital can provide an essential competitive advantage for a business. Concurrent innovation is a process for managing new product development cycles, from the ideation stage to implementation by using parallel streams of innovation and collaboration across boundaries.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE EJECTION FORCES FOR POLYMER RESINS
Alias Mohd, Colin Hindle, May 2011

The development and manufacture of the tool for injection molding is a complex task which demands highly skilled and experienced operator. This paper is to analyze the ejection force for different selected polymer resins which is having a series of surface roughness. The research was carried out on a cylinder shaped molding with variations in wall thicknesses. The result reveals that PA6 required high ejection force due to surface texture generated compared with HIPS and ABS.

HIGH FLOW GLASS FIBER FILLED AROMATIC POLYAMIDE RESINS
Anirban Ganguly, Susanta Mitra, Reema Sinha, Anton Kumanan, Anne Bolvari, May 2011

Novel idea of using hyperbranched polymers - dendritic aliphatic polyesters (DAP) as flow promoters in highly glass fiber reinforced polyamides (GF-PA) system is depicted in this paper. Different concentrations and types of DAPs is employed and these are found to be effective in modifying flow from 10% to 160% with the at as low as 0.5 to 3 weight % concentration for GF-PA without affecting the enabling mechanical and thermal properties.

UV-CURE COATINGS ON PLASTICS ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
Vladimir Shteynberg, May 2011

The first UV coating was introduced to US Market more then 35 years ago sometimes in the early 70th of the last century. Since then UV coatings steadily grew in North America consumption from modest 1.3M gallons per year to 290M gal of projected sales in 2010. Growth in UV coating started with Inks and Overprint Varnishes following the Wood coatings and finally with advancement in technology for radiation cure coating for metals and plastics started to emerge into the market place.

ONE DIMENSIONAL MELTING IN SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUDERS
Gregory Campbell, May 2011

For special operating conditions and resins, the melting process for single-screw extruders can occur via a very non-traditional mechanism. For this process, melting occurs almost exclusively at the solid bed-melt film interface between the solid bed and the barrel wall. The newly molten material then infiltrates the solid bed such that a melt pool does not form on the pushing side of the channel. This paper describes the mechanism and provides a model for the melting process.

FIELD FAILURE MECHANISMS IN HDPE POTABLE WATER PIPE
Donald Duvall, Dale Edwards, May 2011

High density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe has been widely used in potable water water applications for several decades. In some locales HDPE pipes have experienced premature failures that have been traced back to a variety of causes. A review of the failure mechanisms observed will be presented along with a forensic analysis of some field failures.

LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION POTENTIAL IN THE POWERTRAIN - TRANSMISSION HOUSING PRODUCED BY THE PLASTIC/METAL HYBRID METHOD
Hans Heim, Tatjana Geminger, Jonas Weber, May 2011

In the automotive industry, the use of plastics in the powertrain is essential for lightweight construction and thus for meeting CO2 emission targets. The present technology of light alloy die-casting used to manufacture transmission housings offers little further savings potential. Additional weight savings can, however, be achieved by using a hybrid process (metal/plastic composite). Various levels of this material hybridisation" will be examined here."

COMPATIBILITY OF COATED FABRICS USED IN COLLAPSIBLE FUEL STORAGE TANKS WITH BIODIESEL FUELS
James Sloan, D. Deschepper, Dave Flanagan, May 2011

We evaluate the effect of three different biofuels on the properties of three currently used storage container materials. These consist of two urethane coated fabrics and one nitrile coated fabric. In all of our experiments, standard diesel fuel was used for comparison and the resulting permeation rates were found to be greater than the biofuels evaluated in this study.

FAN GATE DESIGN TO IMPROVE PACKING CONTROL
David Smith, Anthony McWilliams, May 2011

A study was performed to determine the effects that three different fan gate designs had in thoroughly packing out an injection molded five-sided box with ribs. Part weight and the identification of sinks and voids on the part will be the means of interpreting the effectiveness of each gate. The materials that were used to conduct the experiment were PC, ABS, POM, and PP.

INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF MODIFIERS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF INJECTION MOLDED LIQUID SILICONE RUBBERS
Sidney Carson, May 2011

The effects on mechanical properties of blending different levels by weight of talc, silica, and glass fibers in Liquid Silicone Rubber systems was investigated. Specifically, tensile strength, hardness, elongation, and compression set behavior was measured for unblended resin and each level of additive. A material property characterization was developed from these measurements. It was determined that talc and silica had better dispersion and both modifying and reinforcing effects, while the glass had none

HYPER-ELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF LIQUID SILICONE RUBBERS
Ryan Prunty, Ian Reeves, May 2011

The purpose of this project is to develop hyper-elastic data for various liquid silicone rubbers (LSR). This will include designing a mold and test fixtures for molding and testing various LSRƒ??s. The goal is to collect data for Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools. There is generally no published data on tensile, compression, dynamic shear or biaxial strength to be used in CAE software at this time. After verifying the collected data with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, the results are as followed.

THE THREE DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF INJECTION-COMPRESSION MOLDING PROCESS
Sejin Han, Xiaoshi Jin, May 2011

In this paper, the injection-compression molding process for thermoplastic materials is analyzed using a three dimensional simulation program. Injection-compression process is often used to produce parts with relatively small warpage at a low clamp force. An example case will be used to test the program. The program can be used to compare regular injection molded parts and injection-compression molded parts in terms of injection pressure, clamp force and dimensional stability.

AN INNOVATIVE ROTARY TOOL TECHNOLOGY FOR RAPID HEAT CYCLE MOLDING
Marco Fiorotto, Giovanni Lucchetta, May 2011

A rotary tool technology was developed in order to reduce the cycle time of the RHCM process. The equipment consists of a hot molding cavity, a rotary plate with two cores conditioned at the standard processing temperature and a cold dummy cavity. The polymer is injected between the hot cavity and the core in the first station. Then the mold is opened and the part is trasfered to the second station. The mold is closed and the part is packed and cooled by the cold cavity. To test the proposed technology, a rotary mold for a TV frame was realized.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF DENSITY GRADED FOAMS: TENSILE PROPERTIES
Mohammad Hasan, Denis Rodrigue, May 2011

The tensile behavior of functionally graded (FG) foam plates were studied in this work. In order to analyze the mechanical properties of the samples, a finite-element method was used. The plate was divided into an arbitrary number of homogenous plates with perfect bonding throughout thickness. Then, the numerical analysis was used to describe the tensile properties of FG foams. The results show very good agreement with experimental data.

NOVEL NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MODEL FOR POLYMER MELTS
Martin Zatloukal, May 2011

In this work, novel generalized Newtonian law (in which viscosity is given by the specific function of three principal invariants of the deformation rate tensor and its absolute value) has been proposed and tested. It has been found that the proposed model provides correct behavior in steady shear and uniaxial/planar/equibiaxial extensional viscosities for polymer melts.










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