The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Details are presented on an automated process for manufacturing
net-shape charges for compression moulding using a spray-deposition
technique. The novel process uses a resin-spray technique and magnetic
fibre to position and hold fibres onto the tool face. The process is
intended for producing structural components using discontinuous
bundles for medium-volume applications.
Mould tools used for processes such as RTM and compression RTM
must withstand significant forces generated by the fluid resin and the
fibrous reinforcement. Prediction of these forces will allow for optimizations
in setup costs and time and maximize the usage of the capabilities
of peripheral equipment (such as presses). SimLCM is being developed
at the University of Auckland as a simulation package with the capability
to predict clamping forces and stress distributions during complete
moulding cycles for RTM and CRTM.
PlastiComp’s direct in-line (D-LFT) compounding process provides
processors of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics a simple and affordable
alternative to pre-compounded pellets and GMT sheet while yielding
equivalent and in some cases slightly higher mechanical properties.
This paper summarizes a comparative study of the properties of
D-LFT vs. traditional LFT pellets in an injection-molding process as
well as D-LFT vs. GMT sheet in a compression-molding process.
To achieve significant part weight reductions of 15-20% Milliken
Chemical's high performance reinforcing (HPR) additive may be an
excellent choice for the replacement of talc and other mineral fillers in
polypropylene composites. For instance vs. talc HPR will typically
provide comparable or superior performance with only about one-third
of conventional talc concentrations. Furthermore these improvements
may be realized without any detrimental effects on aesthetic properties.
A new patented in-mold assembly process forms an optimized
assembly using a combination of blow molding and injection molding
for a turbo-charged diesel charge air duct. The process incorporates
a 15%-GF-reinforced blow-molding grade and a 30%-GF-reinforced
injection molding grade of polyphenylene sulfide. PPS was the
material of choice due to its superior heat and chemical resistance.
The use of cyclic-polybutylene terephthalate (C-PBT) for manufacturing
high-performance composites is taking on new roles. Advances in
injection molding RTM molding pultrusion and composite tooling are
benefiting from the use C-PBT thermoplastic resins leading to the
development of new C-PBT technologies and applications.
Previous work has shown that the newly developed SMC systems are
powder-primer ready in straight-through operations. However after an
extended stoppage in the operation – such as July shutdown – the
success of the powder application depends on the severity of temperature
ramp in the oven. To overcome this issue alternative methods are
proposed such as 4 min. of preheating in the oven at 180°C or 3 min.
of IR exposure.
Two experiments designed to understand the relationship between
material and process factors and bond-line read-through (BLRT)
severity will be discussed. Regression analyses of the data collected in
these experiments were able to establish relationships between the
experimental factors and BLRT severity with at least 80% correlation.
In order to improve quality issues as well as to establish an integrated
and continuous process for compression-moulded parts a direct
processing technology has been developed. This presentation should
demonstrate the flexibility of the new direct-SMC technology in terms
of use of alternative and new raw materials and formulations.
Recent advances in related polyurethane chemistry have increased
the commercial viability of the long fiber injection (LFI) process for
producing very-large composite parts such as entry-door skins truck
body and spa panels and recreational boat hulls. These advances
enable the LFI process to achieve previously unattainable extended
gel times on an open hot mold retain a relatively short demold time
and form defect-free surfaces that can lead to the Class A surfaces
required for large automotive body panels.
Sheet-molding compound has been used in underhood applications
and is extending its reach to drivetrain components. This presentation
will show how vehicle manufacturers have reduced costs and improved
quality through product designs that eliminate hardware enhance
capability and improve system performance.
The Automotive Composites Consortium Focal Project 4 (ACC FP4) is
a joint program between GM Ford and Chrysler to develop structural
automotive components from composite materials. Part of this project
is a structural composite underbody capable of carrying crash loads.
Phase 2 of the project involves a full design of the underbody including
design for durability and feasible component manufacturing and vehicle
assembly scenarios.
Performance requirements for underhood components are increasing
making historically used thermoplastics unsuitable for next-generation
engines. The need for higher thermal chemical and mechanical resistance
is opening the door to thermoset bulk-molding compounds (BMC)
for critical metal-replacement opportunities successful examples of
which will be presented.
DIGIMAT micromechanics-modeling software was evaluated to
predict the nonlinear stiffness and strength properties of glass-filled
nylon. In this particular case due to the high aspect ratio of the fibers
the properties of reverse engineered effective actual matrix properties were needed to accurately correlate both the matrix" rather than theflow and transverse to flow stress-strain behavior."
This study aims to capture realistic anisotropic properties of a plastic
material in a structural analysis. Moldflow software has been used to
obtain the fiber-orientation details for a plastic radiator tank. This fiberorientation
output data have been transferred to the structural analysis
software (ABAQUS using commercially available interface software
(DIGIMAT). This integrated simulation technique helps in accurate
prediction of burst pressure strength of the plastic tank.
Modeling the stiffness of parts injection molded from long-fiber
materials is similar to yet different from behavior using short-fiberfilled
materials. This work discusses the effects of various modeling
assumptions and methods on stiffness predictions using a coupled
Moldflow-Digimat-Abaqus analysis methodology.
This paper presents the effects of melt temperature injection pressure
hold pressure and injection speed on the tensile and fatigue properties
of 33-wt% E-glass fiber-reinforced polyamide-66. It was observed that
these process parameters had a greater influence on the fatigue properties
than on the tensile properties. Melt temperature had the greatest
effect followed by injection pressure. Both hold pressure and injection
speed had smaller but significant effects on the fatigue life.
This paper examines the identification selection and development of
appropriate composite test methods as required in the composites
design process. Examples from the development of a load and
resistance factor design (LRFD) standard for pultruded composites are
presented. The issues addressed for this case study discussion are
applicable to any segment of the composites market that is looking
to establish design procedures or develop design standards.
The goal of this research project was to provide data to build FEA
tools and to improve the understanding of braiding technology in
order to expand predictive abilities for post-yield behavior of carbon
fiber products braided with multiple hybrid fibers.
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
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