The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Rakhil M. Sinelnikova, Valery G. Makarov, May 2006
Change of physical and chemical, reological and physicomechanical properties of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), exposed by thermal oxidation in shift current conditions with using of the rotational viscosimeter, is considered.It is shown, that products of oxidation form in the polymer melt and solid polymer an independent phase (gel), and have sharply distinguished from initial HDPE polarity, fluidity, physical and chemical properties.
The usage of WPC is rapidly growing, but these still suffer from lack of toughness, which can be improved by adding a small amount of GFR. Tensile tests of WPC specimen with varying amounts of wood-fiber content and 5% GRF were carried out. Significant improvements in properties were observed.
K. Jarukumjorn, Y. Ruksakulpiwat, W. Sutapun, J. Kluensamrong, May 2006
The effect of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) as a compatibilizer on mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of rossells/PP and sisal/PP composites was investigated. The fiber loading was 20wt% and the compatibilizer contents were varied from 1-10 phr. The tensile strength and unnotched impact strength of the composites increased with increasing the compatibilizer content.
Guang-Ming Qiu, Bao-Ku Zhu, Fu Liu, You-Y i Xu, May 2006
Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes were modified by supercritical impregnation of St-MAn alternative copolymer (SMA). The SMA, having Mw of higher than 106, were synthesized inside PVDF matrix with SC CO2 as solvent and carrier. The composition and microstructure of modified membrane were characterized by ART-FTIR, ESCA, NMR, DSC and SEM. The thermal stability and hydrophilicity of modified membranes were improved.
Laxmi K. Sahu, Nandika Anne D’Souza, Bruce Gnade, May 2006
Permeability of the nylon and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer and naocomposites, biaxially stretched and post fatigued film is measured. Both the tortuous path and crystallinity influence the barrier properties. Permeability is predicted taking into consideration the amorphous phase, crystalline phase and MLS content and compared with the experimental values. Keywords: Permeability, Nanocomposites, PET, Nylon-6
Y.-K. Shen, C.-Y. Chang, Y.-S. Shen, S.-Y. Yang, May 2006
This study uses a simple and novel procedure for microlens arrays. The master is formed by room temperature imprint lithography and thermal reflow process. The electroforming is used to fabricate the metal mold insert from master. Finally, micro-hot embossing is used to replicate microlens arrays.
Naoyuki Kawai, Asami Nakai, Hiroyuki Hamada, Hiroshi Yasuda, May 2006
In order to improve mechanical properties of PP(Polypropylene) / GF(Glass fiber), PP/GF was injection molded with PA(Polyamide) through three procedures. Tensile and flexural test were conducted. The fractured surface of the etched specimens after testing was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). From the results, PP/PA/GF thermoplastics which were molded by using PP/GF pellet and PA showed higher strength than the other specimens.
Effects of heat-sealing temperature and film direction on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of heat-sealed PP films were investigated. Peel tests were conducted under static and creep loadings. 170 °C heat-sealing specimens were slightly higher than that of the other specimens. Under creep loadings, 170 °C heat-sealing specimens in the transverse direction showed the highest creep property. The fracture mode of the specimens could be divided into 3 types.
Effect of heat-sealing temperature on fracture behavior of heat-sealed poly (lactic acid) (PLA) films was investigated according to the Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) technique. The EWF parameters obtained from heat-sealed PLA films that affected by heat-sealing temperature were investigated. The relationship between the EWF parameters and peel strength of heat-sealed PLA films was also discussed.
Alginate is a well known bioactive wound-dressing material. Similarly, Chitosan shows potential but has not been commercialized mainly due to high costs. Both materials can be engineered and produced as fibers to improve specific properties. Properties, FTIR and SEM analyses indicate a superior fiber for chitosan hydrolyzed and extruded with alginate. This process leads to synergy of the constituents in the new chitosan-alginate complex. The process is both precise and economical.
J.L. Spoormaker, Ihor Skrypnyk, Anton Heidweiller, May 2006
Replacing metals by plastics often results in unreliable products. The main failure causes will be presented. As a practical example mechanical and thermal failures of a waste water tank designed for metal and replaced by HDPE will be discussed in detail. The solution to a problem to design snap-fit assemblies on buckling ribs is outlined.
Experimental verification of FEM predictions is required for reliable predictions of the mechanical behavior of products. Examples of FEM predictions of flax fiber reinforced products and the experimental verification with an optical system (ARAMIS) will be presented.
Blends of low melt index ethylene alkyl acrylate copolymers with polypropylene give a good combination of low hardness and high upper service temperature. The PP is the minor component, but due to the viscosity ratio of the polymers approaches a co-continuous phase. Of particular advantage are acrylate copolymers produced on a tubular reactor due to the compositional heterogeneity which gives improved compatibility with PP.
This work studied the effect of a polyether block amide (PEBA) on the rheological, mechanical and thermal properties of nylon 12 polymers. The results showed significant differences in melt viscosity, tensile properties and phase transition temperatures (tan ?) with varying PEBA concentration.
In this study a range of thermoplastic polyurethanes were manufactured by various processing methods, temperatures and shear rates. The results indicate that these parameters had a significant effect on the morphological properties, especially at elevated temperatures and shear rates.
The response of plastic materials to mechanical stress is contingent on many variables. One very important characteristic is the rate at which the stress is applied, otherwise known as the strain rate. The effects of strain rate are reviewed and three case studies are used to illustrate failure resulting from rapid stress loading.
J. McCoy, K. MacInnis, A. Montalvo, M.R. Sadeghi, May 2006
Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) are suitable materials for automotive interior applications. TPE can be adequately stabilized for protection against extended exposure to UV and heat during compounding, subsequent fabrication, and end use. Under certain environmental conditions, material discoloration can occur. We will explore the nature of this discoloration, and review the current technology to eliminate it.
Mechanical properties of PBO make it appropriate for use in anti-ballistic applications but are degraded by exposure to moisture, sunlight and mild chemical environments. This work explores the mechanisms of degradation by these factors and proposes routes to preserving fiber properties.
Tatsuya Aoki, Yasuyuki Ohira, Keiichi Moriya, Masaki Fujii, May 2006
High performance damping polymers were produced by the incorporation of special additives to the base polymer material. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with the new additives absorbs mechanical energy. The relaxation frequencies obtained by mechanical and dielectric methods lie on the same straight lines of Arrhenius plotting. The results show that the additives restrict the movement of the polymer molecules.
Performance of reinforced polymers depends on the filler, and the polymer-filler interaction at the interface. As such, the filler dispersion is critical. Silanes are widely used as coupling agents, adhesion promoters but also as dispersing aid for fillers. We wish to review the dispersion mechanism and the effect of the silane treatment of fillers on the final performance of polymer composites.
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
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