SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
PLA COMPOSITES REINFORCED BY WHEAT AND RYE HUSK
PLA-composite materials were prepared by
injection moulding process through high speed hot-cool
melt compounding process with 40 wt% loads of husk.
Chain extender (Joncryl ADR 4368) has been used during
the melt mixer. To characterize the composites materials
morphology mechanical (tensile flexural and charpy)
thermal (crystallinity Tg and Tm) and rheological (melt
flow rate viscosity) properties were studied and the
properties were compared to soft wood fibre composite’s
properties.
PLA COMPOSITES REINFORCED BY WHEAT AND RYE HUSK
PLA-composite materials were prepared by injection moulding process through high speed hot-cool melt compounding process with 40 wt% loads of husk.Chain extender (Joncryl ADR 4368) has been used during the melt mixer. To characterize the composites materials, morphology, mechanical (tensile, flexural and charpy) thermal (crystallinity, Tg and Tm) and rheological (melt flow rate, viscosity) properties were studied and the properties were compared to soft wood fibre compositeƒ??s properties.
NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN ULTRATHIN POLYMER FILMS: MEASUREMENT ON RECTANGULAR VS CIRCULAR BUBBLES
Confinement effects on the mechanical properties of ultrathin polymer films were investigated by a bubble inflation technique developed in our lab. Prior studies of ultrathin films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and polystyrene (PS) were performed on circular bubbles of different diameters. Here we show early results of rectangular bubble measurements for PS thin films. Results are compared with those for the circular bubbles.
PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS FOR PLASTIC PROCESSORS RESULTING FROM A
MODIFIED FORM OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Titanium dioxide pigment (TiO2) is notoriously difficult to process due to its self-binding properties and dusty nature. It is possible for the form of the titanium dioxide to be modified to an easy-flow pigment. This modification allows for lower dust levels which improve the working environment, and offer process efficiencies which lead to lower conversion costs and more consistent quality.
TRENDS AND NEEDS IN AUTOMOTIVE MATCHED BY VARIOUS PLASTIC SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS
An overview is given of the various drivers, needs and trends in the automotive industry and how these are matched by various new plastic solutions, which in the end all significantly increase the sustainability of various car components and of the cars in total.
ELECTRIFICATION OF HOT RUNNER SYSTEMS
This paper overviews advancements in the
electrification of valve gate actuation in Hot Runner
systems for use in cleanroom environments.
This paper offers a review of the existing
technologies laying out the advantages and disadvantages
of the various offerings in the market. It will also help the
molders to choose the right application for cleanroom
production.
ELECTRIFICATION OF HOT RUNNER SYSTEMS
This paper overviews advancements in the electrification of valve gate actuation in Hot Runner systems for use in cleanroom environments. This paper offers a review of the existing technologies, laying out the advantages and disadvantages of the various offerings in the market. It will also help the molders to choose the right application for cleanroom production.
VIBRATION WELDING OF TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF POLYAMIDE MATERIALS: GLASS FILLED PA6 TO GLASS FILLED PA66
This paper presents experimental results on vibration welding of two different types of PA materials, PA6 and PA66 materials, which exhibit significantly different melting temperatures. Factors affecting the weld strength such as weld bead design and welding process parameters are presented in the paper.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HEAT-SEALED PART IN ENVIRONMENTFRIENDLY
FILM
Multi-layered laminated films are widely used as
general packaging materials and thermal lamination is
one of the environmentally friendly techniques since it
does not involve solvents during lamination. The heat
exerted during the heat- sealing process however
could affect the lamination strength of these films. In
this study we focused on the relationship between the
results of pinhole test and the properties of heat sealed
parts.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HEAT-SEALED PART IN ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY FILM
Multi-layered laminated films are widely used as general packaging materials and thermal lamination is one of the environmentally friendly techniques since it does not involve solvents during lamination. The heat exerted during the heat- sealing process, however, could affect the lamination strength of these films. In this study, we focused on the relationship between the results of pinhole test and the properties of heat sealed parts.
EVALUATION OF NATURAL FLAVONOIDS AS CROSSLINKING AGENTS FOR POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
Anthocyanins have been chosen as natural
crosslinking agents for polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH).
Tosylation of secondary hydroxyl functionality in PVOH
was carried out with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the
presence of bases. The structures of the crosslinked PVOH
and the crosslinking mechanism were established from their
1H NMR spectral. Hydroxyl contents in PVOH decreased
due to the crosslinking of tosylated PVOH with
anthocyanin. It was also found that crosslinking of PVOH
by anthocyanin enhanced the mechanical properties of
PVOH film.
LIGHT WEIGHT PET BOTTLES: A SIMULATION STUDY
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used
resin in production of carbonated soft drinks bottles made
by injection stretch blow molding (ISBM) process. Light
weighting of the PET bottles has the potential to reduce
the materials and manufacturing costs. This paper present
a simulation study where performs of reduced weight are
assessed in terms of the process viability and the product
quality.
SIMULATION DRIVEN MEDICAL PACKAGE DEVELOPMENT
The objective of this work is to demonstrate the
concept of “simulation driven package development”. The
concept involves not only simulating the structural
behavior of the medical package (e.g. under top loading)
but also predicting the package material distribution due to
the manufacturing process conditions and tying that to the
structural analysis. The structural analysis will thus take the
more physical and usually non-uniform part material
thickness distribution into consideration. The concept is
highlighted through a case study.
NEW FUNCTIONS OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER BASED SANDWICH INJECTION MOLDINGS
Damping materials such as thermoplastic elastomer
(TPE) usually has very low stiffness and easily
deformable hence they are unsuitable for structural
applications. This paper focuses on using sandwich
injection molding technology to produce parts consisting
PP skin and TPE core to impart high surface rigidity
while maintaining dampening efficiency. Correlation
between skin-core adhesion and flexural and damping
properties of the moldings are discussed.
NEW FUNCTIONS OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER BASED SANDWICH INJECTION MOLDINGS
Damping materials such as thermoplastic elastomer(TPE) usually has very low stiffness and easilydeformable, hence they are unsuitable for structuralapplications. This paper focuses on using sandwichinjection molding technology to produce parts consistingPP skin and TPE core to impart high surface rigiditywhile maintaining dampening efficiency. Correlationbetween skin-core adhesion and flexural and dampingproperties of the moldings are discussed.
MELT MIXED NANOCOMPOSITES OF PA12 WITH CNT: INFLUENCE OF MATRIX PROPERTIES AND THE USE OF HYBRID FILLER SYSTEMS CONTAINING CB
Polyamide 12 (PA12) composites with different Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Carbon Black (CB) were melt mixed to investigate the influence of the filler materials on the electrical properties and the state of the filler dispersion in the matrix. Additionally, the influence of the matrix (viscosity and end group functionalization) on these properties of the composites was studied. Furthermore, hybrid filler systems with CNT and CB were examined in order to reduce the CNT content necessary for electrical percolation.
DETERMINATION OF MATERIAL PROPERTY CHANGES DUE TO COMBINING FLOW FRONTS
It is a popular belief that when two plastic flow fronts converge, they merge, forming one single parabolic pressure-driven flow front. This is a common misconception; because plastic flow is laminar, these flow fronts should remain separate and maintain two individual parallel parabolic flow fronts. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect on part properties caused by increased orientation due to maintaining parallel flow fronts.
A STUDY OF THE MOLD THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COOLING LINES IN CONVENTIONAL AND RAPID TOOLING
This project examines the thermal differences between conventional and conformal cooling lines.?ÿ Three sets of inserts were built for this study.?ÿ A P20 insert was built and used to compare the other two rapid tooling inserts.?ÿ One rapid tooling insert had the same conventional cooling lines as the P20 insert.?ÿ The other rapid tooling insert had conformal cooling lines.?ÿ Mold temperatures were recorded and compared.?ÿ The conformal inserts had the lowest mold temperatures.
OPTIMAL PIGMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR NEAR INFRARED REFLECTING PIGMENTS
Pigments are basically used to impart color. But the reflection of Near Infrared Radiation (NIR) is a requirement of modern pigments that gains particular importance for a multitude of uses. This paper reports about smart ways to formulate with this class of pigments. The main objective in this context is the enhancement of coloristic and NIR-reflective properties in typical plastics applications.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERIC THERMOTROPIC MATERIALS FOR OVERHEATING PROTECTION OF SOLAR COLLECTORS
Within this paper the effect of material formulation on the light-shielding performance of thermotropic glazings for overheating protection purposes is addressed. Specific focus is given to the establishment of relationships between glazing morphology and the light-shielding properties. Some major routes for further research and material optimization are deduced.
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