SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Conference Proceedings
Biocomposite Sheet Molding Compound Housing Panels and Their Properties
A novel high volume processing technique called a 'biocomposite stampable sheet molding compound panel' (BCSMCP) manufacturing process was developed to mimic the continuous sheet molding compound (SMC) currently used in making glass fiber-polyester resin composites.
Graphite Platelet/Nylon Nanocomposites
Natural crystalline graphite based graphite intercalated compounds [GICs] were exfoliated into sub-micron graphite flakes. Graphite nanocomposites were fabricated by combining the exfoliated graphite flakes with nylon66 resin. The mechanical properties of these composites showed considerably higher modulus than those of composites made with commercially available carbon reinforcing materials (i.e., CF, VGCF, and Carbon Black).
Optimizing the Incorporation of Nanoscopic Reinforcing Material into a Polymer Matrix by Ball Milling
High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray can create dense composite coatings. In ongoing experiments, composite feedstock powders composed of nanoscopic silica and nylon 11 were ball milled for up to 48 hours. Ashing indicated complete silica incorporation within the first half hour. Microscopy showed other physical changes occurring after additional milling.
Structural Beams and Panels from Natural Fibers through Hybrid and Hierarchical Cellular Designs
Natural fiber composites (biocomposites) can be used in load-bearing components by improving their efficiency through hybrid and hierarchical cellular material designs. Experimental and analytical studies evaluated the material and structural short-term performance of material systems and laboratory-scale cellular beams and plates. Results indicate the potential of biocomposites for structural components.
Green Composites from Biofibers and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Eco-friendly green" composite materials are fabricated from inexpensive chopped natural fiber and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) through extrusion followed by injection molding processing. The incorporation of natural fiber in to the composite structure improved the modulus and impact strength of virgin bioplastic. Maleated PHB is synthesized by us and is also used as a compatibilizer in PHB based biocomposites."
Properties and Morphology of TPO-Based Nanocomposites
Thermoplastic polyolefin nanocomposites based on polypropylene/elastomer/organoclay were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. Mechanical properties and thermal expansion behavior were measured and compared with composite theory. These properties will be discussed in terms of the morphology of the dispersed clay and rubber phases and the characteristics of the matrix and dispersed phases.
Internet Controlled Thermoplastic Impregnation of Glass Fibers Yarns with Pultrusion
The process for thermoplastic pultrusion of glass fiber yarns is controlled with data acquisition software via the Internet. Consisting of the fiber distribution system with the guidance device, extruder, impregnation chamber, cooling unit, pulling mechanism, and take up device, the pultrusion line is operated and/or monitored remotely to obtain optimum performance.
Optimization of Thermoplastic Impregnation of Glass Fiber Yarns with Pultrusion
The influence of process variables on the degree of thermoplastic impregnation of glass fiber yarns by pultrusion is investigated. The performance of the pultrusion line consisting of fiber distribution system, guidance device, extruder, impregnation chamber, cooling unit, pulling mechanism, and take-up device is examined in order to evaluate variable sensitivity and to optimize the process for pulling speed.
Long Fiber Reinforced Post-Consumer Carpet
Post-consumer carpet is sorted by face fiber, shredded and compounded with long glass fibers. Both extrusion compounding and layering of glass mats and carpet fiber mats are explored. The properties of the composites produced exceed typical plastic lumber composites and are comparable to commercial glass mat composites.
Low-Cost Composite Materials from Post-Consumer Plastics and Waste Paper
Composites of post-consumer plastics and high volume fraction waste paper have been studied. Various production techniques have been tested, with an optimum processing method defined, allowing the manufacture of low-cost composites of up to 60% paper content. Results indicate increases in tensile, flexural and creep modulus and flexural strength compared to the matrix can be achieved without the requirement of additives, with only marginally lower tensile strength and brittle impact behavior.
Filament Winding Processing Conditions to Produce Thermoplastic Composites from Towpregs
In the present work cost-effective glass-reinforced thermoplastic matrix towpregs were used to produce composites by filament winding at different processing conditions. The influence of the filament winding speed and mandrel temperature on the composite final properties was studied. An optimized processing window was established by comparing the composite theoretical expected mechanical properties with those experimentally obtained.
The Effect of Surface Active Agent Solution on the Mechanical Properties of Wood-Polymer Composites
A range of wood-polymer composites; containing 0, 20, 40 and 60%w/w of MDF sawdust (212- 850?m) was prepared using polyethylene, polypropylene and rigid PVC. The blends were melt compounded using a Killion 38mm single screw extruder. The composites were then subjected to a surface-active agent (SAA) solution for 7 weeks and percentage water up-take was shown to increase, with a significant reduction in the mechanical properties.
The Study of Using Vetiver Grass as a Filler in Polypropylene Composites
The vetiver-polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared at various ratios of vetiver contents. Vetiver grass was prepared as vetiver leaves and vetiver fiber. The effect of vetiver contents on thermal, rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of the composites were studied. Vetiver grass was treated by chemical treatments and the effect of chemical treatments on these properties was elucidated.
A Injection Molded High Electromagnetic Shielding and Low Cost Carbon Fiber Composites
The high electromagnetic shielding and low cost woven carbon fiber composites were developed. In this study, continuous carbon fibers were woven as a conductive network with different mesh size. For an adequate SE performance that is realistic for an industrial application (40 dB), the required weight percentage of continuous carbon fibers applied in the injection molded composites is about 1%, which is much lower than that of conventional (more than 30%) discontinuous long carbon fiber composites.
Insights into the Formation and Properties of Well-Exfoliated Nanocomposites
The work presented here focuses on two key issue of nanocomposites: how to achieve high levels of exfoliation of the clay platelets and to what extent the resulting benefits can be explained by conventional composite theories, i.e., is there a nano-effect" whereby the platelets significantly alter the local properties of the matrix?"
Producing Polymer Nanocomposites with Exfoliated Pristine Clay
A new technique was developed to promote clay exfoliation in an epoxy matrix. Both XRD and TEM microscopic examination results demonstrated that pristine clay could be well-dispersed and exfoliated in an epoxy resin through this technique. In this paper, the technical details and experimental evidences are presented.
Multiscale Modeling of Biological Nanocomposite Nacre
Nacre, the inner layer of seashells is a biological nanocomposite having extraordinary mechanical properties. A multiscale modeling approach has been used to study the nano and microarchitecture of nacre to gain an understanding of the role of the architecture on the mechanical response. The role of biopolymers, mineral and various nuances in nacre and their effect on mechanical properties are presented in the paper.
Micro-Deformation and Fracture Behavior of Epoxy Based Nanocomposites with Highly Exfoliated Pristine Clay
Fracture behaviors of nanocomposites based on epoxy and highly exfoliated pristine clay were tested using double cantilever beam specimens. Micro-deformation mechanisms of the epoxy/clay composites under load were investigated using SEM and TEM. Numerous micro-cavities associated with clay particles are believed to be the major mechanism for the improved fracture toughness of the epoxy/clay nanocomposites.
Tensile Property, Morphology and Micro-Deformation of Polypropylene/CaCO3 Nanocomposites
Stress-strain relations of polymer nanocomposites at different strain rates were studied using polypropylene (PP) and calcium carbonate nanoparticles. The morphology and deformation mechanisms of nanocomposites were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Debonding and cavitation at the matrix/particle interfaces were identified as the major deformation mechanisms of the PP/CaCO3 nanocomposites under uniaxial tension.
Fracture Behavior of Core-Shell Rubber-Toughened ?-Zirconium Phosphate-Based Epoxy Nanocomposites
The fracture behavior of core-shell rubber (CSR) toughened ?-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) epoxy nanocomposite is investigated. The combined use of ZrP and CSR can greatly improve both the modulus and fracture toughness of epoxy. The fracture mechanisms change from brittle fracture via ZrP delamination to matrix shear yield after addition of CSR. Approaches for producing toughened high performance polymer nanocomposites are discussed.
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