SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Recycling
Various topics related to sustainability in plastics, including bio-related, environmental issues, green, recycling, renewal, re-use and sustainability.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING RESISTANCE OF POLY-CARBONATE AS AN RESULT OF PROCESSING CONDITIONS AND INNER PROPERTIES
Environmental stress cracking is the most common failure reason of plastic parts. The influence of the processing conditions e.g. of the injection molding process on the environmental stress cracking resistance has not been investigated yet. Therefore several tests are carried out at the IKV. Test specimens are injection molded with different parameters for melt temperature, mold temperature and injection rate. These parameter variations cause variable inner properties of the molded parts. The environmental stress cracking resistance of specimens with different inner properties differs in a wide range. The results are discussed in detail.
THE PREDICTION OF INJECTION MOULDED PRODUCT MASS THROUGH PROCESS SIGNALS
The injection moulding process has a complicated set of process parameters and is subject to variations over time resulting from material, environmental and machine component changes. In order to maintain product quality it has been proven that monitoring the process signals is beneficial towards identifying possible changes in the moulded product. Here, the process signals (melt pressure, temperature and screw displacement) are utilised along with material pressure-specific volume-temperature (pvT) characteristics to estimate the moulded product mass. The successful validation of this method presented over a range of processing conditions.
THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF PLA STEREOCOMPLEX WITH IMPACT MODIFIERS
Polylactide, polyester derived from renewable resources, can be synthesized using either L-lactide or D-lactide. A unique crystallization behavior of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)/poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) stereocomplex(SC) was observed when a PLLA/PDLA blend was subjected to the specific melting conditions. Therefore, we tried to blend PLLA and PDLA at overall compositions to form PLA stereocomplexes. Moreover, impact modifier was added to enhance the mechanical properties such as impact strength. The presence of the SC in the PLLA matrix was verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal and mechanical property of stereocomplexes were investigated by DSC, HDT, Izod impact tester, UTM.
THERMOFORMABLE BRIGHT FILM FOR TPO APPLICATIONS
Thermoformable Fluorex Bright Film was developed to emulate the appearance of plated chrome. However, unlike plated chrome, Bright Film is flexible and thermoformable and can be applied to TPO. The film technology is environmentally friendly and cost-effective, and it has practical applications in various manufacturing processes, such as insert injection molding, thick-sheet thermoforming and extrusion lamination processes. Backed by successful weathering and other testing results, Bright Film has been accepted by the marketplace to accommodate or replace chrome plating as a decorative material for both interior and exterior finishes in the automotive and other industries.
UV CURABLE COATINGS FOR CONTAINERS AND CLOSURES
The containers and closures market utilizes numerous decorating techniques on a variety of plastic and glass substrates. These decorating methods need to be functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. UV curable coatings can offer value to this market by providing high performance decorative coatings that are cost effective, easy to process and environmentally friendly. This paper will discuss the benefits of using UV curable coatings as an alternative to other ways of decorating containers, some challenges encountered in formulating coatings to meet all specifications of the containers and closures market, and typical performance and processing requirements.
Nanocomposites improve performance of biodegradable polymers
Nanocomposites based on polycaprolactone exhibit enhanced tensile properties and controlled biodegradation rates.
Tissue engineering scaffolds formed by pseudo-negative voltage electrospinning
An emerging electrospinning technique enables the fabrication of multilayered fibrous membranes with high fiber density and reliable fiber alignment.
Freeze-drying improves crystallization of biodegradable polymers
Poly(L-lactide) prepared by freeze-drying exhibits higher crystallizability than the bulk polymer.
Processing and characterization of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends
Chain extenders blended with recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) improve mechanical properties and moldability.
Biodegradable polymers based on starch and poly(lactic acid)
Pre-process drying is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way to enhance adhesion between fillers and polymers.
Environmentally friendly polymer composites prepared with cellulose nanocrystals
Novel polyurethanes obtained from vegetable oil exhibit appreciably improved mechanical performance with inclusion of just 0.5% by weight of nanosized cellulose crystals.
Nanocomposites of new biodegradable polyesters and polyesteramides
Polymers are easily prepared by bulk polycondensation based on metal-halide salt formation, while crystallization is strongly influenced by incorporation and distribution of silicate nanoparticles.
Polymer blends with improved mechanical properties
Hydrolytic degradation and elongation properties of polylactic acid can be enhanced by blending with polyhydroxybutyrate.
Recycled polyvinyl chloride as a sustainable solution
An improved extrusion technique for polyvinyl chloride regrind could be useful to manufacturers, builders, and architects.
Visco-elastic properties of modified poly(lactic acid)/ spruce-wood-flour composites
Composite mechanical behavior is critically influenced by interfacial compatibility between the filler and polymer matrix.
A unique, high-flow, drapable, soft reprocessable material
A new pelletizable, reprocessable composition can be converted into a nonwoven material or a fabric suitable for spin bonding.
Freeze-thawed hydrogels for modeling blood vessels
Artificial materials that match both the physical dimensions and mechanical properties of biological blood vessels could be useful in biomedical simulation experiments.
Trends in Bio-renewable Thermoplastics Elastomers
Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have been traditionally compounded and manufactured from raw materials based on fossil fuels. Current trends in marketplace abounds sustainability programs. TPEs are no exception to this trend. In a recent editorial, the authors stated “Through research and application, sustainability can evolve from a catchphrase to a societal one”. More than two decades ago the Brundtland Commission (formerly the World Commission on Environment and Development, WCED), deliberated sustainable development issue and gave a definition of sustainability: “Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Oil-palm fiber as natural reinforcement for polymer composites
The importance of natural fibers as reinforcement or fillers in polymers is increasing, but limitations have prevented them from totally replacing synthetic fibers.
Bioplastics and global sustainability
Application of bioplastics is in its infancy stage but holds significant promise in developing sustainable plastics for the future.
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