SPE Library
The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
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Recycling
Various topics related to sustainability in plastics, including bio-related, environmental issues, green, recycling, renewal, re-use and sustainability.
Synergistic effects on nonisothermal poly(lactic acid) crystallization
The combination of plasticizers and nucleating agents accelerates the crystallization rate of poly(lactic acid).
Reinforced biocomposites with guaranteed degradability in soil
The addition of cotton fibers to a starch-based commercial material maintains its thermal stability and assures its biodegradation.
Degradation behavior of aliphatic biodegradable polyesters
Structural changes of polyesters during in vitro incubation provide insights into their degradation that could be important for development of biomedical applications.
Predicting starch transformation in twin screw extrusion
Dedicated software makes it possible to predict the change in the intrinsic viscosity of starch.
Nanofillers improve the mechanical properties of recycled polypropylene
The impact and modulus of polypropylene reinforced with nanocalcium carbonate correlate with morphology, filler level, and the effect of recycling on the resin matrix.
Accelerating the crystallization of poly(lactic acid)
Combining nucleation agents and plasticizers enhances the material's crystallization rate and could extend its range of applications.
Chemical modification of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) by nucleophilic substitution
A new method of removing chlorine from an everyday waste plastic promises to increase the amount of recyclable material.
New leather- and rubber-waste composites for use in footwear
A sustainable solution for hazardous waste from roughing and carding processes generates nontoxic rubber composites for use in shoe soles.
A STUDY OF ELECTROSPUN POLYCAPROLACTONE (PCL) FIBERS FOR POSSIBLE BIO-ABSORBABLE MESH REPLACEMENT IN VAGINAL SURGERY
The importance of electrospun fibers as tissue
scaffolds has been an area of significant growth. In this
work, we will utilize electrospinning in conjunction with a
biodegradable polymer, Polycaprolactone (PCL) to make
thin fibers. These PCL fibers can be made into a mesh for
tissue scaffolds. Electrospinning utilizes electrostatic
force to draw fibers from solution.
A NOVEL 3-D BLOW MOLDING METHOD AND ITS PART
THICKNESS CONTROL STRATEGY
In this study, a novel air traction 3-D blow molding machine was presented. Distinct from conventional blow molding machine, this 3-D blow molding machine utilized compressed air to draw the extruded parison through the closed mold. The results showed that the new 3-D molding machine was low flash waste and high molding quality. To further improve the performance of the 3-D blow molded product, a control strategy based on fuzzy iterative learning control algorithm was designed and implemented to control the wall thickness of blow molded part. The results showed that after five times iterations, the average axial thickness of 3-D bend pipe converged to the object area of thickness.
A STUDY OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF A DIRECT TO PLASTICS WATER BASED COATING FOR THERMOPLASTIC OLEFINS
There is an increasing trend towards the use of Thermoplastic Polyolefins (TPO) in the marketplace particularly in the automotive sector due to the desirable mechanical properties. In order to achieve adhesion of coatings to TPO, automotive manufacturers have traditionally used solvent based chemical adhesion promoters or other forms of surface pretreatment to overcome the lack of bonding sites on this low surface energy substrate. Each of these pretreatment methods has their own drawbacks and all add an extra step to the coating process. A water based direct to plastics (DTP) coating for TPO is therefore very desirable due to the lack of flammable, environmentally detrimental solvent as well as the elimination of the pretreatment step. The barriers to achieving adhesion to TPO with a water based coating include the inability to wet out water over such a low surface tension substrate and the lack of bonding sites on the substrate. Once the barriers to adhesion are overcome, the coating must still meet the performance requirements of the finished coating.
This paper explores a water based DTP coating and the role that adhesion promoters, surface tension modifiers, and resin systems play in the adhesion and overall performance of the coating on TPO. The study indicates that the selection and concentration of each of these is very important in overcoming the barriers to applying a water based DTP coating to TPO and achieving the overall performance required. In addition, the curing schedule for the coating systems examined plays a critical role in achieving the desired results.
A STUDY ON MATERIAL DISTRIBUTION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN CO-INJECTION MOLDING
In the co-injection molding process, sometimesreferred to as sandwich molding, two different polymermelts are either simultaneously or sequentially injectedinto a mold to form a part with a skin/core structure. Coinjectionmolding offers the flexibility of using the bestproperties of each material to reduce material cost andpart weight. Particularly, it allows, the use of recycledmaterial in the core without an adverse effect on surfacequality. The properties of a co-injection molded productdepend on the individual properties of the skin and corelayers, and the skin/core volume ratio. This paper presentsa study of the effect of molding parameters on materialdistribution and mechanical properties of co-injectionmolded plates. Two virgin materials were triedpolypropylene (PP), and thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO)as well as grinded TPO from plastic bumpers.
BLENDING OF RECYCLE PE BLOWN FILM AND INJECTION MOULDING GRADES
The affects on the mechanical and rheological properties of blends of recycled blown film (BM) and injection moulded milk containers (IM) were studied. Tensile, flexural and thermal properties remained unchanged with resultant increasing MFI. Anomalous results appear to occur between the 80/20% w/w (BM/IM) and 60/40% w/w (BM/IM) blends as confirmed by GPC, MFI and density.
ADHESION OF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS WITH BONE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY USING COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SCREW / PLATE SYSTEM AND BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MELT ADHESIVES
Biodegradable bone plates are commonly secured to bone surfaces using screws in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Using melt adhesives potentially replaces the need for existing screws and the associated complex techniques and equipment. Previously we have shown the advantages of using biodegradable melt adhesives over screw systems. A time-based study comparing the effect of using melt adhesives and screws to secure bone implants to bone in a live goat model was performed. This paper demonstrates and compares the impact of using screws, plates, and melt adhesives on the healing of bone and operative time.
ADHESION OF BIODEGRADBLE PLASTICS WITH BONE: A COMPARATIVE
STUDY USING COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SCREW / PLATE SYSTEM AND
BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MELT ADHESIVES
Biodegradable bone plates are commonly secured to
bone surfaces using screws in craniomaxillofacial
surgery. Using melt adhesives potentially replaces the
need for existing screws and the associated complex
techniques and equipment. Previously we have shown the
advantages of using biodegradable melt adhesives over
screw systems [1]. A time-based study comparing the
effect of using melt adhesives and screws to secure bone
implants to bone in a live goat model was performed. This
paper demonstrates and compares the impact of using
screws plates and melt adhesives on the healing of bone
and operative time.
ADVANCED MATERIALS FROM NOVEL BIO-BASED RESINS
Cereplast Hybrid ResinsTM also known asBIOPOLYOLEFINSƒ?› are bio-based plastic resins replacing 50 percent or more of the petroleum content in traditional plastic products with renewable source materials such as starches from corn tapioca wheat and potatoes. The addition of CereplastHybrid Resins TM to the existing line of CompostableResins TM further establishes Cereplast as the leadingsolutions provider in environmental and sustainable plastics. The first product from the Cereplast HybridResins TM family is BiopropyleneTM a 50 percent biobasedresin that can replace traditional polypropylenein many applications. Cereplast Hybrid Resins TM canbe processed at the same cycle time as traditional plastics on conventional equipment but requires less energy in the production process by using significantly lower processing temperatures. Inaddition Cereplast Hybrid Resins TM meet therequirements for toxicity set by ASTM D 6400-04specifications making Cereplast Hybrid Resins TMsafe for all applications. This paper further discusses mechanical properties and potential applications ofBiopropyleneTM.
CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRGIN-RPET COMPOSITES
Thermoformed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) produce trays (clamshells) produced by a large retail supplier using virgin resin were compared to PET clamshells containing 30, 70, or 100% recycled-PET (RPET). Comparisons were made of functional groups, ultravioletvisible (UV-Vis) light absorption, and thermal properties. An increase in the crystallization temperature was observed as RPET increased when compared to virgin PET. This suggests that the crystallization temperature (Tc) may be used as a quantitative indicator for determining the amount of RPET in a plastic composite.
AN OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL ALTERNATIVES AS VIEWED BY A PLASTICS INDUSTRY ECONOMIST
The plastics industry has been under heavy criticism from environmentalists for contributing to pollution and litter, exposing consumers to toxic matter, and using more than its fair share of energy resources. Are any of these accusations valid? If so, has our industry been responsive to these challenges in a meaningful way? Do the solutions offered by the environmentalists, to the problems they raise, have merit? This paper will attempt to address major environmental issues at they concern the plastics industry from an economic and scientific viewpoint and summarize what makes sense and what does not.
ASSESSING AND IMPROVING NANOMATERIALS HANDLING IN EXTRUSION
The compounding of polymer nanocomposites involves
the handling, feeding and cleaning of high volumes
of potentially low bulk density powders. The
Nanorisk Framework document [1] guides practitioners
in how to assess the effectiveness of operations and engineering
controls designed to contain nanomaterials and
minimize the risk of exposure or environmental release.
This paper reviews a new approach for measuring and
evaluating the effectiveness of engineering controls and
operating procedures when feeding nanofiller powders
into a compounding extruder. A method will be described
that uses the extruder itself as an effective means
to reduce dust generation from the feed system.
ASSESSING AND IMPROVING NANOMATERIALS HANDLING IN EXTRUSION
The compounding of polymer nanocomposites involves the handling, feeding and cleaning of high volumes of potentially low bulk density powders. The Nanorisk Framework document guides practitioners in how to assess the effectiveness of operations and engineering controls designed to contain nanomaterials and minimize the risk of exposure or environmental release. This paper reviews a new approach for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of engineering controls and operating procedures when feeding nanofiller powders into a compounding extruder. A method will be described that uses the extruder itself as an effective means to reduce dust generation from the feed system.
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